SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
01-junij-2001
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2000
Polimerni materiali - Ugotavljanje prebodne odpornosti togih polimernih
materialov - 2. del: Instrumentalna metoda (ISO 6603-2:2000)
Plastics - Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics - Part 2:
Instrumented puncture test (ISO 6603-2:2000)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des Durchstoßverhaltens von festen Kunststoffen - Teil 2:
Instrumentierter Schlagversuch (ISO 6603-2:2000)
Plastiques - Détermination du comportement des plastiques rigides perforés sous l'effet
d'un choc - Partie 2: Essai de choc instrumenté (ISO 6603-2:2000)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 6603-2:2000
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 6603-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
October 2000
ICS 83.080.01 Supersedes EN ISO 6603-2:1996
English version
Plastics - Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid
plastics - Part 2: Instrumented puncture test (ISO 6603-2:2000)
Plastiques - Détermination du comportement des Kunststoffe - Bestimmung des Durchstoßverhaltens von
plastiques rigides perforés sous l'effet d'un choc - Partie 2: festen Kunststoffen - Teil 2: Instrumentierter Schlagversuch
Essai de choc instrumenté (ISO 6603-2:2000) (ISO 6603-2:2000)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 October 2000.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2000 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 6603-2:2000 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
Page 2
EN ISO 6603-2:2000
CORRECTED 2002-02-06
Foreword
This document (ISO 6603-2:2000) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 198
"Plastics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 "Plastics", the secretariat of
which is held by IBN.
This document supersedes EN ISO 6603-2:1996.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication
of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2001, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by April 2001.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard ISO 6603-2:2000 has been approved by CEN as a
European Standard without any modifications.
NOTE Normative references to International Standards are listed in annex ZA (normative).

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
Page 3
EN ISO 6603-2:2000
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their relevant European publications
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
NOTE Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications,
indicated by (mod.), the relevant EN/HD applies.
Publication Year Title EN Year
ISO 6603-1 2000 Plastics - Determination of puncture EN ISO 6603-1 2000
impact behaviour of rigid plastics -
Part 1: Non-instrumented impact
testing

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 6603-2
Second edition
2000-10-01
Plastics — Determination of puncture
impact behaviour of rigid plastics —
Part 2:
Instrumented impact testing
Plastiques — Détermination du comportement des plastiques rigides
perforés sous l'effet d'un choc —
Partie 2: Essais de choc instrumentés
Reference number
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
©
ISO 2000

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
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ii © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.iv
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .1
4 Principle.5
5 Apparatus .5
6 Test specimens.9
7 Procedure .9
8 Calculations.10
9 Precision.12
10 Test report .12
Annex A (informative) Interpretation of complex force-deflection curves.14
Annex B (informative) Friction between striker and specimen .16
Annex C (informative) Clamping of specimens.19
Annex D (informative) Tough/brittle transitions.20
Annex E (informative) Influence of specimen thickness.21
Bibliography.23
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO
member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical
committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has
the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in
liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this part of ISO 6603 may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard ISO 6603-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Subcommittee
SC 2, Mechanical properties.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 6603-2:1989), which has been technically revised.
ISO 6603 consists of the following parts, under the general title Plastics — Determination of puncture impact
behaviour of rigid plastics:
� Part 1: Non-instrumented impact testing
� Part 2: Instrumented impact testing
Annexes A to E of this part of ISO 6603 are for information only.
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Plastics — Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid
plastics —
Part 2:
Instrumented impact testing
1 Scope
This part of ISO 6603 specifies a test method for the determination of puncture impact properties of rigid plastics, in
the form of flat specimens, using instruments for measuring force and deflection. It is applicable if a force-deflection
or force-time diagram, recorded at nominally constant striker velocity, is necessary for detailed characterization of
the impact behaviour.
ISO 6603-1 can be used if it is sufficient to characterize the impact behaviour of plastics by a threshold value of
impact-failure energy based on many test specimens.
It is not the purpose of this part of ISO 6603 to give an interpretation of the mechanism occurring on every
particular point of the force-deflection diagram. These interpretations are a task for scientific research.
NOTE See also clause 1 of ISO 6603-1:2000.
2 Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
this part of ISO 6603. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 6603 are encouraged to investigate the
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. For undated
references, the latest edition of the normative document referred to applies. Members of ISO and IEC maintain
registers of currently valid International Standards.
ISO 2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test results — Estimation of the mean — Confidence interval.
ISO 6603-1:2000, Plastics — Determination of puncture impact behaviour of rigid plastics — Part 1: Non-
instrumented impact testing.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 6603, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
impact velocity
v
0
velocity of the striker relative to the support at the moment of impact
NOTE Impact velocity is expressed in metres per second (m/s).
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
3.2
force
F
force exerted by the striker on the test specimen in the direction of impact
NOTE Force is expressed in newtons (N).
3.3
deflection
l
relative displacement between the striker and the specimen support, starting from the first contact between the
striker and the test specimen
NOTE Deflection is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.4
energy
E
energy expended in deforming and penetrating the test specimen up to a deflection l
NOTE 1 Energy is expressed in joules (J).
NOTE 2 Energy is measured as the integral of the force-deflection curve starting from the point of impact up to a deflection l.
3.5
maximum force
F
M
maximum force occurring during the test
See Figures 1 to 4.
NOTE Maximum force is expressed in newtons (N).
3.6
deflection at maximum force
l
M
deflection that occurs at maximum force F
M
See Figures 1 to 4.
NOTE Deflection at maximum force is expressed in millimetres (mm).
3.7
energy to maximum force
E
M
energy expended up to the deflection l at maximum force
M
See Figures 1 to 4.
NOTE Energy to maximum force is expressed in joules (J).
3.8
puncture deflection
l
P
deflection at which the force has dropped to half the maximum force F
M
See Figures 1 to 4 and note to 3.9.
NOTE Puncture deflection is expressed in millimetres (mm).
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
3.9
puncture energy
E
P
energy expended up to the puncture deflection l
P
See Figures 1 to 4 and note 2.
NOTE 1 Puncture energy is expressed in joules (J).
NOTE 2 When testing tough materials, a transducer mounted at some distance from the impacting tip may record frictional
force acting between the cylindrical part of the striker and the punctured material. The corresponding frictional energy shall not
be included in the puncture energy, which, therefore, is restricted to that deflection, at which the force drops to half the
maximum force F .
M
3.10
impact failure
mechanical behaviour of the material under test which may be either one of the following types (see note):
a) YD yielding (zero slope at maximum force) followed by deep drawing
b) YS yielding (zero slope at maximum force) followed by (at least partially) stable cracking
c) YU yielding (zero slope at maximum force) followed by unstable cracking
d) NY no yielding
See Figures 1 to 4.
NOTE Comparison of Figures 2 and 3 shows puncture deflection l and puncture energy E are identical for the failure
P
P
types YS and YU. As shown in Figure 4, identical values at maximum and at puncture are found for the deflection as well as the
energy in the case of failure type YU. For complex behaviour see annex A.
Figure 1 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum force)
followed by deep drawing, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with lubrication)
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Figure 2 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum force)
followed by stable crack growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with lubrication)
NOTE Natural vibration of the force detector can be seen after unstable cracking (striker and load cell).
Figure 3 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure by yielding (zero slope at maximum force)
followed by unstable crack growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with lubrication)
4 © ISO 2000 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Figure 4 — Example of force-deflection diagram for failure without yielding followed by unstable crack
growth, and typical appearance of specimens after testing (with lubrication)
4Principle
The test specimen is punctured at its centre using a lubricated striker, perpendicularly to the test-specimen surface
and at a nominally uniform velocity. The resulting force-deflection or force-time diagram is recorded electronically.
The test specimen may be clamped in position during the test.
The force-deflection diagram obtained in these tests records the impact behaviour of the specimen from which
several features of the behaviour of the material may be inferred.
5 Apparatus
5.1 Testing device, consisting of the following essential components:
� energy carrier, which may be inertial-mass type or hydraulic type (see 5.1.1);
� striker, which shall be lubricated;
� specimen support with a recommended clamping device.
The test device shall permit the test specimen to be punctured at its centre, perpendicular to its surface at a
nominally constant velocity. The force exerted on the test specimen in the direction of impact and the deflection
from the centre of the test specimen in the direction of impact shall be derivable or measurable (see Figure 5).
5.1.1 Energy carrier, with a preferred impact velocity v of (4,4� 0,2) m/s (see 3.1 and note to 3.1). To avoid
0
results, which cannot be compared due to the viscoelastic behaviour of the material under impact, the decrease of
velocity during the test shall not be greater than 20 %.
NOTE For brittle materials, an impact velocity of 1 m/s may be found to be more appropriate because it reduces the level of
vibration and noise and improves the quality of the force-deflection diagram (see annex A).
5.1.1.1 Hydraulic type, consisting of a high-speed testing machine with suitable attachments.
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Any deviation of the velocity of the striker relative to the support during impact shall be controlled, for example by
recording deflection-time curves and checking the slope.
5.1.1.2 Inertial-mass type, which may be accelerated gravitationally, spring- or pneumatically-assisted.
Suitable devices are falling-dart machines.
In the case of a gravitationally accelerated mass and neglecting frictional losses; the impact velocity v corresponds
0
to a drop height H of the energy carrier of (1,0� 0,1) m.
0
For all inertial-mass-type energy carriers the impact velocity shall be measured by velocity-measuring sensors
placed close to the point of impact. The maximum decrease of velocity during test results in the minimum mass,
m , of the carrier according to equations (1) and (2) (see note).
C
� 2
m W 6 E /v (1)
C 0
�
m W 0,31 E for v =4,4m/s (2)
C 0
where
m is the mass of the energy carrier, expressed in kilograms;
C
�
E is the highest puncture energy to be measured, expressed in joules (see 3.9);
v is the impact velocity (4,4 m/s, see 3.1).
0
NOTE In many cases, a weighted energy carrier with a total mass m of 20 kg has been found to be sufficient for the larger
C
striker and of 5 kg for the smaller striker (see 5.1.2).
5.1.2 Striker, preferably having a polished hemispherical striking surface of diameter (20,0� 0,2) mm.
Alternatively, a (10� 0,1) mm diameter striking surface may be used.
NOTE 1 The size and dimensions of the striker and condition of the surface will affect the impact results.
The striker shall be made of any material with sufficient resistance to wear and of sufficiently high strength to
prevent plastic deformation. In practice, hardened steel or materials with lower density (i.e. titanium) have been
found acceptable.
The hemispherical surface of the striker shall be lubricated to reduce any friction between the striker and the test
specimen (see note 2 and annex B).
NOTE 2 Test results obtained with a lubricated or dry striker are likely to be different. Below ambient temperatures,
condensation can act as a lubricant.
The load cell shall be located within one striker diameter from the tip of the striker, i.e. mounted as closely as
possible to the tip to minimize all extraneous forces and sufficiently near to fulfil the frequency-response
requirement (see 5.2). An example is shown in Figure 5.
5.1.3 Support ring (see Figures 5 and 6), placed on a rigid base and designed such that air can not be trapped
under the test specimen, thus avoiding a possible spring effect. Below the support ring, there shall be sufficient
space for the striker to travel after total penetration of the test specimen. The recommended inside diameter of the
support ring is (40� 2) mm, or alternatively (100� 5) mm, with a minimum height of 12 mm.
5.1.4 Base for test device, firmly mounted to a rigid structure so that the mass of the base (see Figure 5) is of
sufficient stiffness to minimize deflection of the specimen support.
When calculating the deflection from the kinetics of the accelerated mass, a minimum mass ratio m /m of 10
B C
between base (m ) and energy carrier (m ) shall be used. This prevents the base from being accelerated by more
B C
than 1 % of the impact speed up to the end of the test. For directly measured deflections, this minimum ratio is a
[5]
recommendation only. For the principles of this specification see annex B of ISO 179-2:1997 .
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
Key
1 Test specimen 5 Test specimen support
2 Hemispherical striker tip 6 Clamping ring (optional)
3 Load cell (preferred position) 7 Base
4 Shaft 8 Acoustical isolation (optional)
Figure 5 — Exampleoftestdevice
Dimensions in millimetres
Specimen Side of square or
type diameter of disc
60 140
D
40 � 2 100 � 5
2
D 60 140
3
D W 90 W 200
4
H 12 12
R 11
Key
1 Clamping ring (optional)
2 Test specimen support
Figure 6 — Clamping device (schematic)
5.1.5 Clamping device (optional), consisting of two parts, a supporting ring and a clamping ring (see Figure 6),
for annular test specimens. The recommended inside diameter of the clamping device is (40� 2) mm, alternatively
(100� 5) mm. The clamp may work by shape or by application of force to the specimen. A clamping force of 3 kN is
recommended for the latter (see note).
NOTE Pneumatically and screw-operated clamps have been successfully employed. The results obtained for clamped and
unclamped specimens are likely different (see annex C).
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
5.2 Instruments for measuring force and deflection:
5.2.1 Force measurement system, for measuring the force exerted on the test specimen. The striker may be
equipped with strain gauges or a piezoelectric load transducer which shall be placed close to the striker tip. Any
other suitable method of force measurement is also acceptable. The measuring system shall be able to record
forces with an accuracy equal to or within 1 % of the relevant peak force.
The force measurement system shall be calibrated as set-up ready for measurement. Calibration may be
performed statically (for example, by imposing known loads on the striker) or dynamically (see for example
reference [4]). Errors in force measurement after calibration shall be less than � 0,5 % of the forces used for
calibration.
As the duration of the test is very short, only electronic load cells with a high natural frequency shall be used (see
note 1). The natural frequency f of the test device (striker and load cell) shall conform to the following condition:
n
f W6kHz
n
For interpretation of complex force-deflection curves, even higher values of the natural frequency f may be necessary
n
(see annex A). For detecting the first damage depicted in Figure A.2, the natural frequency shall comply with the
following condition (see note 2):
f W 5/�t
n E
where
f is the natural frequency, expressed in kilohertz;
n
�t is the event time of the relevant detail of the force-deflection curve, expressed in milliseconds (see
E
Figure A.2).
The natural frequency can be checked by studying the oscillations following brittle or splintering failure (see
Figure 3).
For the bandwidth of the amplifier train (direct current or carrier frequency amplifier) the lower bandwidth limit is
0 Hz, and the upper bandwidth limit shall be at least 100 kHz, combined with a sampling frequency of at least
100 kHz (see notes 3 and 4).
NOTE 1 An example of such a measurement train is a piezoelectric load cell, mounted between the striker and the shaft (see
Figure 5) and connected to a charge amplifier.
�3
NOTE 2 If, for example, the increase in deflection �t � v during the event (see Figure A.1) is only 1 mm (10 m), at an
E 0
�1 �3 �1 �4
impact velocity v of 4,4 m s , then the corresponding event time is �t =[(10 m)/(4,4 m s )] = 2 � 10 s, resulting in the
0 E
�4
minimum natural frequency of f W [5/(2 � 10 s)] = 25 kHz.
n
NOTE 3 In the testing of very brittle products, elastic impact may cause resonant oscillations, thus making it difficult to
interpret the force-deflection curve (see annex A). In this case, it can be useful to carry out low-pass filtering on the recorded
force-time diagram or parts of it, although the accuracy of the measurements is thereby reduced.
If post-test filtering is used, the type of filter and its essential characteristics are reported in the test report [see 10 i)].
NOTE 4 Vibration of the test specimen (see Figure A.3) and of the test device as well as uniform noise on the trace generates
uncertainties of the measured maximum force (see 3.5) but has virtually no effect on the puncture energy (see 3.9).
5.2.2 Deflection measurement system, consisting of an electronic transducer for the determination of the
deflection of the test specimen to yield a force-deflection diagram.
In most cases the testing devices for force and deflection show a difference of their transit times generating a time
offset in the force-deflection curve, which increases proportionally to the impact velocity. The time traces are to be
synchronized by a time shift corresponding to this transit-time difference.
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
With inertial-mass type machines, it is possible to measure a force-time diagram only and to calculate the deflection
in accordance with 8.2.1.
5.3 Thickness gauge, as specified in 5.2 of ISO 6603-1:2000.
6 Test specimens
6.1 Shape and dimensions
See 6.1 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
6.2 Preparation of test specimens
See 6.2 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
6.3 Non-homogeneous test specimens
See 6.3 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
6.4 Checking the test specimens
See 6.4 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
6.5 Number of test specimens
If the test is conducted under constant conditions, at least five or, in cases of arbitration, 10 test specimens are
required. If the measurements are to be made as a function of temperature, relative humidity or some other
parameter, the number of test specimens may be reduced depending on the statistical scattering of the test results.
If a large number of test specimens is required, for example to determine the temperature dependence of the
measured quantities, the test specimens shall be selected in accordance with statistical principles.
6.6 Conditioning of test specimens
See 6.6 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
7 Procedure
7.1 Test atmosphere
See 7.1 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
7.2 Measurement of thickness
See 7.2 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
7.3 Clamping the test specimen (optional)
See 7.3 in ISO 6603-1:2000.
7.4 Lubrication
See 7.4 in ISO 6603-1:2000
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SIST EN ISO 6603-2:2001
ISO 6603-2:2000(E)
7.5 Puncture test procedure
Place the test specimen on the specimen supporting ring (5.1.4) and clamping device (5.1.6) as appropriate.
Conduct the puncture test with the impact velocity specified in 5.1.2. Ensure that the velocity does not change
d
...