oSIST prEN 1993-1-4:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1993-1-4:2023
01-maj-2023
Evrokod 3 - Projektiranje jeklenih konstrukcij - 1-4. del: Nerjavne jeklene
konstrukcije
Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: Stainless steel structures
Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Stahlbauten - Teil 1-4: Tragwerke aus
nichtrostenden Stählen
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-4: Structures en aciers inoxydables
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1993-1-4
ICS:
77.140.20 Visokokakovostna jekla Stainless steels
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
oSIST prEN 1993-1-4:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1993-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

March 2023
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.13 Will supersede EN 1993-1-4:2006
English Version

Eurocode 3 - Design of steel structures - Part 1-4: Stainless
steel structures
Eurocode 3 - Calcul des structures en acier - Partie 1-4: Eurocode 3 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Règles générales - Règles supplémentaires pour les Stahlbauten - Teil 1-4: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln -
aciers inoxydables Ergänzende Regeln zur Anwendung von
nichtrostender Stählen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1993-1-4:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
0 Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 8
1.1 Scope of EN 1993-1-4 . 8
1.2 Assumptions . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
4 Basis of design . 12
4.1 General rules . 12
4.1.1 Basic requirements . 12
4.2 Design assisted by testing . 12
5 Materials . 12
5.1 Structural stainless steels . 12
5.1.1 General. 12
5.1.2 Material properties . 13
5.1.3 Fracture toughness. 16
5.1.4 Through-thickness properties . 19
5.1.5 Values of other material properties . 19
5.2 Connecting devices . 20
5.2.1 Fasteners . 20
5.2.2 Preloaded bolts . 20
5.2.3 Welding consumables . 20
6 Durability . 21
7 Structural analysis . 21
7.1 Structural modelling for analysis . 21
7.2 Global analysis . 21
7.2.1 Consideration of second order effects . 21
7.3 Imperfections . 21
7.3.1 Equivalent bow imperfection for global and member design . 21
7.3.2 Imperfection based on elastic critical buckling modes. 21
7.4 Methods of analysis considering material non-linearities . 22
7.4.1 General. 22
7.4.2 Elastic global analysis . 22
7.4.3 Plastic global analysis . 23
7.5 Classification of cross-sections . 27
8 Ultimate limit states . 31
8.1 Partial factors . 31
8.2 Resistance of cross-sections . 32
8.2.1 General. 32
8.2.2 Effective cross-section properties . 32
8.2.3 Compression . 34
8.2.4 Bending . 34
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8.2.5 Shear 34
8.2.6 Resistance to transverse forces . 35
8.2.7 Transverse web stiffeners . 36
8.3 Buckling resistance of members . 36
8.3.1 General . 36
8.3.2 Uniform members in compression . 36
8.3.3 Uniform members in bending . 37
8.3.4 Uniform members in bending and axial compression . 38
9 Serviceability limit states . 41
9.1 General . 41
9.2 Determination of deflections . 41
10 Connection design . 42
10.1 General . 42
10.2 Bolted connections . 42
10.3 Design of welds . 46
11 Fatigue . 47
12 Fire resistance . 47
Annex A (normative) Selection of materials and durability . 48
A.1 Use of this Annex . 48
A.2 Scope and field of Application . 48
A.3 Corrosion protection of construction products — Requirements . 48
A.4 Selection of materials . 48
A.5 Swimming pool environments . 51
A.6 Corrosion protection of connections with other metals . 52
A.7 Galvanizing and contact with molten zinc . 52
Annex B (normative) Continuous strength method . 53
B.1 Use of this Annex . 53
B.2 Scope and field of Application . 53
B.3 General . 53
B.4 Material modelling . 53
B.5 Cross-section deformation capacity . 54
B.6 Resistance of cross-sections . 55
Bibliography . 60

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European foreword
This document (prEN 1993-1-4:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC 250 is responsible for all
Structural Eurocodes and has been assigned responsibility for structural and geotechnical design
matters by CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1993-1-4:2006 and its amendments.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms
part of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515
issued to CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material,
product and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and
testing that are relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right
to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
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0 Introduction
0.1 Introduction to the Eurocodes
The Structural Eurocodes comprise the following standards generally consisting of a number of Parts:
— EN 1990 Eurocode: Basis of structural and geotechnical design
— EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures
— EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures
— EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures
— EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures
— EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures
— EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures
— EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design
— EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance
— EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures
— New parts are under development, e.g. Eurocode for design of structural glass
The Eurocodes are intended for use by designers, clients, manufacturers, constructors, relevant
authorities (in exercising their duties in accordance with national or international regulations),
educators, software developers, and committees drafting standards for related product, testing and
execution standards.
NOTE Some aspects of design are most appropriately specified by relevant authorities or, where not specified,
can be agreed on a project-specific basis between relevant parties such as designers and clients. The Eurocodes
identify such aspects making explicit reference to relevant authorities and relevant parties.
0.2 Introduction to EN 1993 (all parts)
EN 1993 (all parts) applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in steel. It complies with
the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design
and verification that are given in EN 1990 – Basis of structural design.
EN 1993 (all parts) is concerned only with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire
resistance of steel structures. Other requirements, e.g. concerning thermal or sound insulation, are not
covered.
EN 1993 is subdivided in various parts:
EN 1993-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 2: Steel bridges;
EN 1993-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 3: Towers, masts and chimneys;
EN 1993-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 4: Silos and tanks;
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EN 1993-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 5: Piling;
EN 1993-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 6: Crane supporting structures;
EN 1993-7, Design of steel structures — Part 7: Design of sandwich panels.
EN 1993-1 in itself does not exist as a physical document, but comprises the following 14 separate parts,
the basic part being EN 1993-1-1:
EN 1993-1-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings;
EN 1993-1-2, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-2: Structural fire design;
EN 1993-1-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting;
NOTE Cold-formed hollow sections supplied according to EN 10219 are covered in EN 1993-1-1.
EN 1993-1-4, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-4: Stainless steel structures;
EN 1993-1-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements;
EN 1993-1-6, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell structures;
EN 1993-1-7, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-7: Strength and stability of planar plated structures
transversely loaded;
EN 1993-1-8, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints;
EN 1993-1-9, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue;
EN 1993-1-10, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness
properties;
EN 1993-1-11, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-11: Design of structures with tension components;
EN 1993-1-12, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-12: Additional rules for steel grades up to S960;
EN 1993-1-13, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-13: Beams with large web openings;
EN 1993-1-14, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-14: Design assisted by finite element analysis.
All subsequent parts EN 1993-1-2 to EN 1993-1-14 treat general topics that are independent from the
structural type such as structural fire design, cold-formed members and sheeting, stainless steels, plated
structural elements, etc.
All subsequent parts numbered EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 treat topics relevant for a specific structural
type such as steel bridges, towers, masts and chimneys, silos and tanks, piling, crane supporting
structures, etc. EN 1993-2 to EN 1993-7 refer to the generic rules in EN 1993-1 and supplement, modify
or supersede them.
0.3 Introduction to prEN 1993-1-4
prEN 1993-1-4 gives supplementary rules for the structural design of steel structures that extend and
modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to stainless steels.
The focus is on design methods and design rules for members and skeletal structures regarding
resistance and stability.
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0.4 Verbal forms used in the Eurocodes
The verb “shall" expresses a requirement strictly to be followed and from which no deviation is permitted
in order to comply with the Eurocodes.
The verb “should” expresses a highly recommended choice or course of action. Subject to national
regulation and/or any relevant contractual provisions, alternative approaches could be used/adopted
where technically justified.
The verb “may" expresses a course of action permissible within the limits of the Eurocodes.
The verb “can" expresses possibility and capability; it is used for statements of fact and clarification of
concepts.
0.5 National Annex for prEN 1993-1-4
National choice is allowed in this standard where explicitly stated within notes. National choice includes
the selection of values for Nationally Determined Parameters (NDPs).
The national standard implementing prEN 1993-1-4 can have a National Annex containing all national
choices to be used for the design of steel structures to be constructed in the relevant country.
When no national choice is given, the default choice given in this standard is to be used.
When no national choice is made and no default is given in this standard, the choice can be specified by a
relevant authority or, where not specified, agreed for a specific project by appropriate parties.
National choice is allowed in prEN 1993-1-4 through the following clauses:
5.1.1(1) 5.2.2(1) 7.2.1(1) 7.4.3.5(3)
8.1(1) A.2(8) A.3, Table A.4
The National Annex can contain, directly or by reference, non-contradictory complementary information
for ease of implementation, provided it does not alter any provisions of the Eurocodes.
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1 Scope
1.1 Scope of prEN 1993-1-4
This document provides supplementary rules for the structural design of steel structures that extend and
modify the application of EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 to austenitic, duplex
(austenitic-ferritic) and ferritic stainless steels.
NOTE 1 Austenitic-ferritic stainless steels are commonly known as duplex stainless steels. The term duplex
stainless steel is used in this document.
NOTE 2 Information on the durability of stainless steels is given in Annex A.
NOTE 3 The execution of stainless steel structures is covered in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4.
1.2 Assumptions
Unless specifically stated, EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and
EN 1993-1-8 apply.
The design methods given in prEN 1993-1-4 are applicable if
— the execution quality is as specified in EN 1090-2 and EN 1090-4, and
— the construction materials and products used are as specified in EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3,
EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8, or in the relevant material and product specifications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE See the Bibliography for a list of other documents cited that are not normative references, including
those referenced as recommendations (i.e. through ‘should’ clauses) and permissions (i.e. through ‘may’ clauses).
EN 1090-2, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 2: Technical requirements for
steel structures
EN 1090-4, Execution of steel structures and aluminium structures — Part 4: Technical requirements for
cold-formed structural steel elements and cold-formed structures for roof, ceiling, floor and wall
applications
EN 1990, Basis of structural and geotechnical design
EN 1991 (all parts), Actions on structures
EN 1993-1-1, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
EN 1993-1-3, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-3: Cold-formed members and sheeting
EN 1993-1-5, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements
EN 1993-1-8, Design of Steel Structures — Part 1-9: Fatigue
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3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1990, EN 1993-1-1,
EN 1993-1-3, EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 apply.
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
3.2.1 General
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in EN 1990, EN 1993-1-1, EN 1993-1-3,
EN 1993-1-5 and EN 1993-1-8 and the following apply.
3.2.2 Latin upper-case symbols
total corner cross-sectional area of the section
𝐴𝐴
c
CRF corrosion resistance factor
CSM continuous strength method
𝐶𝐶 , 𝐶𝐶 , 𝐶𝐶 material coefficients used to define the CSM material model
1 2 3
𝐸𝐸 secant modulus
s
𝐸𝐸 strain hardening modulus
sh
𝐸𝐸 secant modulus of elasticity used for serviceability limit state calculations
s,ser
𝐸𝐸 secant modulus corresponding to the stress in the tension flange
s,1
𝐸𝐸 secant modulus corresponding to the stress in the compression flange
s,2
𝐹𝐹 preloading force for bolts
p,S
𝐹𝐹 design value of the resistance of the structure calculated from 𝐹𝐹
Rd Rk
𝐹𝐹 characteristic value of the resistance of the structure, taken at the peak load factor
Rk
attained during the plastic zone analysis or the point at which the CSM strain limit is
reached, whichever is the lesser
F risk of exposure to chlorides from salt water or deicing salts
1
F risk of exposure to sulfur dioxide
2
F cleaning regime or exposure to washing by rain
3
𝐾𝐾 initial lateral stiffness of the structure
𝐾𝐾 secant lateral stiffness of the structure at the design load level
s
𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 impact energy in Joule [J] from a Charpy V notch specimen
𝐿𝐿 local buckling half-wavelength
b,cs
M distance from the sea
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𝑀𝑀 design value of the CSM resistance to bending moment about one principal axis of a
csm,Rd
cross-section
𝑀𝑀 design value of the CSM bending moment resistance about major (y-y) axis
csm,y,Rd
𝑀𝑀 design value of the CSM bending moment resistance about minor (z-z) axis
csm,z,Rd
𝑀𝑀 design value of the reduced CSM bending moment resistance about major (y-y) axis
N,csm,y,Rd
making allowance for the presence of axial force
𝑀𝑀 design value of the reduced CSM bending moment resistance about minor (z-z) axis
N,csm,z,Rd
making allowance for the presence of axial force
𝑁𝑁 design value of the CSM resistance to axial force of the cross-section for uniform
csm,Rd
compression
𝑁𝑁 design value of the CSM resistance to tension axial force
csm,t,Rd
𝑅𝑅 stress at which the plastic extension is 0,2 % (i.e. 0,2 % proof strength), taken from the
p0,2
product standard
𝑆𝑆 distance from roads with deicing salts
𝑌𝑌 factor that approximates loss of stiffness due to second order effects

3.2.3 Latin lower-case symbols
𝑓𝑓 average ultimate tensile strength, accounting for work hardening due to cold-forming
ua
𝑓𝑓 nominal ultimate tensile strength of stainless steel bolts
ub
𝑓𝑓 nominal yield strength of stainless steel bolts
yb
𝑓𝑓 enhanced yield strength of a cold rolled circular hollow section
yCHS
𝑓𝑓 enhanced yield strength of the corner region
yc
𝑓𝑓 enhanced yield strength of the flat portions of cold-rolled rectangular hollow sections
yf
𝑘𝑘 coefficient for calculating the slip resistance of preloaded bolts
s
𝑛𝑛 strain hardening exponent
𝑛𝑛 number of 90° corners in the section
c
𝑛𝑛 ratio of the design compression force 𝑁𝑁 to the CSM compression resistance 𝑁𝑁
csm Ed csm,Rd
𝑛𝑛 is the exponent used in the calculation of the enhanced yield strength
p

3.2.4 Greek upper-case symbols
Ω a project specific parameter that defines the permissible level of plastic deformation

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3.2.5 Greek lower-case symbols
𝛼𝛼 CSM bending parameter
𝛼𝛼 modified factor by which the design load would have to be increased to cause elastic
cr,sw,mod
instability in a global (sway) mode to account for the influence of plasticity on the sway
stiffness of frame
𝛼𝛼 CSM interaction coefficient for biaxial bending
csm
𝛽𝛽 CSM interaction coefficient for biaxial bending
csm
𝛽𝛽 correlation factor for fillet welded connections
w
𝜀𝜀 strain induced in a circular hollow section during
...