IEC 60695-11-2:2013

IEC 60695-11-2
®

Edition 2.0 2013-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside


Fire hazard testing –
Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame – Apparatus,
confirmatory test arrangement and guidance

Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –
Partie 11-2: Flammes d'essai – Flamme à prémélange de 1 kW nominal –
Appareillage, disposition d'essai de vérification et indications

IEC 60695-11-2:2013

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IEC 60695-11-2

®


Edition 2.0 2013-12




INTERNATIONAL



STANDARD




NORME



INTERNATIONALE
colour

inside










Fire hazard testing –

Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame – Apparatus,

confirmatory test arrangement and guidance




Essais relatifs aux risques du feu –

Partie 11-2: Flammes d'essai – Flamme à prémélange de 1 kW nominal –


Appareillage, disposition d'essai de vérification et indications













INTERNATIONAL

ELECTROTECHNICAL

COMMISSION


COMMISSION

ELECTROTECHNIQUE

PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE

CODE PRIX S


ICS 13.220.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-1285-1



Warning! Make sure that you obtained this publication from an authorized distributor.

Attention! Veuillez vous assurer que vous avez obtenu cette publication via un distributeur agréé.

® Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission
Marque déposée de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale

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– 2 – 60695-11-2 © IEC:2013
CONTENTS

FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Burner/supply arrangement. 7
4.1 Requirements . 7
4.2 Apparatus and fuel . 7
4.2.1 Burner . 7
4.2.2 Flow control . 7
4.2.3 Copper block . 8
4.2.4 Thermocouple . 8
4.2.5 Temperature/time indicating/recording devices . 8
4.2.6 Laboratory fumehood/chamber . 8
5 Production of the test flame . 8
6 Confirmation of the test flame . 9
6.1 Principle . 9
6.2 Frequency of confirmatory tests . 9
6.3 Procedure . 9
7 Recommended arrangements for use of the test flame . 10
Annex A (normative) Burner construction . 12
Annex B (informative) Examples of test arrangements . 19
Bibliography . 20

Figure 1 – Flame dimensions . 11
Figure A.1 – General assembly . 12
Figure A.2 – Pre-mixed burner details . 13
Figure A.3 – Pre-mixed burner details . 14
Figure A.4 – Pre-mixed burner details . 15
Figure A.5 – Pre-mixed burner details . 16
Figure A.6 – Example of supply arrangement for burner . 17
Figure A.7 – Copper block . 17
Figure A.8 – Confirmatory test arrangement . 18
Figure B.1 – Examples of test arrangements . 19

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60695-11-2 © IEC:2013 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________

FIRE HAZARD TESTING –

Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance:

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60695-11-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 89:
Fire hazard testing.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
89/1193/FDIS 89/1204/RVD

Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.This
second edition of IEC 60695-11-2 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003. It
constitutes a technical revision.

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– 4 – 60695-11-2 © IEC:2013
It has the status of a basic safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
– editorial changes to align with other TC 89 test flame publications;
– editorially updated throughout;
– technical changes to the burner set up requirements – see 4.1, 4.2.2, 5 and Fig. A.6;
– technical changes to the test flame confirmation procedure – see 6.2 and 6.3.
A list of all the parts in the IEC 60695 series, under the general title Fire hazard testing, can
be found on the IEC web site.
Part 11 consists of the following parts:
Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame – Apparatus, confirmatory test
arrangement and guidance
Part 11-3: Test flames – 500 W flames – Apparatus and confirmational test methods
Part 11-4: Test flames – 50 W flame – Apparatus and confirmational test method
Part 11-5: Test flames – Needle-flame test method – Apparatus, confirmatory test
arrangement and guidance
Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test methods
Part 11-11: Test flames – Determination of the characteristic heat flux for ignition from a
non-contacting flame source
Part 11-20: Test flames – 500 W flame test methods
Part 11-30: Test flames – History and development from 1979 to 1999
Part 11-40: Test flames – Confirmatory tests – Guidance
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.

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60695-11-2 © IEC:2013 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
In the design of any electrotechnical product, the risk of fire and the potential hazards
associated with fire need to be considered. In this respect the objective of component, circuit,
and product design, as well as the choice of materials, is to reduce to acceptable levels the
potential risks of fire during normal operating conditions, reasonable foreseeable abnormal
use, malfunction, and/or failure. IEC Technical Committee 89 has developed IEC 60695-1-10,
together with its companion, IEC 60695-1-11, to provide guidance on how this is to be
accomplished.
The primary aims of IEC 60695-1-10 and IEC 60695-1-11 are to provide guidance on how:
a) to prevent ignition caused by an electrically energized component part, and
b) to confine any resulting fire within the bounds of the enclosure of the electrotechnical
product in the event of ignition.
Secondary aims of these documents include the minimization of any flame spread beyond the
product’s enclosure and the minimization of harmful effects of fire effluents such as heat,
smoke, toxicity and/or corrosivity.
Fires involving electrotechnical products can also be initiated from external non-electrical
sources. Considerations of this nature should be dealt with in the overall fire risk assessment.
IEC 60695-11-2 provides a description of the apparatus required to produce a 1 kW test
flame, and provides a description of the principle of a confirmation procedure to check that
the effective power output of the flame is as intended. Guidance on confirmatory tests for test
flames is given in IEC/TS 60695-11-40.
This international standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. It
does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this international standard to establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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– 6 – 60695-11-2 © IEC:2013
FIRE HAZARD TESTING –

Part 11-2: Test flames – 1 kW nominal pre-mixed flame –
Apparatus, confirmatory test arrangement and guidance



1 Scope
This part of IEC 60695 gives the requirements for the production and confirmation of a
nominal 1 kW, propane/air pre-mixed test flame.
This basic safety publication is intended for use by technical committees in the preparation of
standards in accordance with the principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and
ISO/IEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
The requirements, test methods or test conditions of this basic safety publication will not
apply unless specifically referred to or included in the relevant publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples – Part 1: Reference tables
IEC 60584-2:1982, Thermocouples – Part 2: Tolerances
Amendment 1:1989
ISO 13943:2008, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 13943:2008,
some of which are reproduced below for the user’s convenience, as well as the following
apply.
3.1
combustion
exothermic reaction of a substance with an oxidizing agent
Note 1 to entry: Combustion generally emits fire effluent accompanied by flames and/or glowing.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.46]
3.2
draught-free environment
space in which the results of experiments are not significantly affected by the local air speed

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60695-11-2 © IEC:2013 – 7 –
Note 1 to entry: A qualitative example is a space in which a wax candle flame remains essentially undisturbed.
Quantitative examples are small-scale fire tests in which a maximum air speed of 0,1 m × s-1 or 0,2 m × s-1
sometimes specified.
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.70]
3.3
flame, noun
rapid, self-sustaining, sub-sonic propagation of combustion in a gaseous medium, usually with
emission of light
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.133]
3.4
pre-mixed flame
flame in which combustion occurs in an intimate mixture of fuel and oxidizing agent
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 13943:2008, definition 4.259]
3.5
standardized 1 kW test flame
test flame conforming to this international standard and meeting all of the requirements given
in Clauses 4 to 6
4 Burner/supply arrangement
4.1 Requirements
A standardized 1 kW test flame, according to this method, is one that is produced
– using hardware according to Figures A.1 to A.8,
– supplied with propane gas of purity not less than 95 %,
– supplied with air essentially free of oil and water.
The flame shall be symmetrical, stable and give a result of 46 s ± 6 s in the confirmatory test
described in Clause 6.
The confirmatory test arrangement shown in Figure A.8 shall be used.
4.2 Apparatus and fuel
4.2.1 Burner
The burner shall be in accordance with Figures A.1 to A.5 inclusive.
NOTE The gas injector and flame stabilizer are removable for cleaning purposes.
4.2.2 Flow control
Flow controllers shall be used and shall be capable of:
3
– the measurement and control of a propane gas flow rate of about 650 cm /min at 23 °C
and 0,1 MPa, with an accuracy of ± 2 %,
3
– the measurement and control of an air flow rate of about 10 dm /min at 23 °C and
0,1 MPa, with an accuracy of ± 2 %.
NOTE Mass flow controllers will probably have to be used in order to meet the requirements of Clause 5.

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4.2.3 Copper block
A copper block 9 mm in diameter, with a mass of 10,00 g ± 0,05 g in the fully machined but
undrilled state, as described in Figure A.7, shall be made from electrolytic tough pitch copper
1
Cu-ETP USN C11000 [1] .
4.2.4 Thermocouple
A class 1, in accordance with IEC 60584-1, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed fine-wire
thermocouple with an insulated junction, shall be used for measuring the temperature of the
copper block. It shall have an overall nominal diameter of 0,5 mm and wires of, for example,
NiCr and NiAl (type K), in accordance with IEC 60584-1, with the welded point located inside
the sheath. The sheath shall consist of a metal resistant to continuous operation at a
temperature of at least 1 050 °C. Thermocouple tolerances shall be in accordance with
IEC 60584-2, class 1.
2
NOTE A sheath made from a nickel-based, heat resistant alloy (such as Inconel 600 ) will satisfy the above
requirements.
The preferred method of fastening the thermocouple to the copper block is by first ensuring
that the thermocouple is inserted to the full depth of the hole and then by compressing the
copper around the thermocouple as shown in Figure A.8.
4.2.5 Temperature/time indicating/recording devices
The temperature/time indicating/recording devices shall be appropriate for the measurement
of the time for the copper block to heat up from 100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C with a
tolerance on the measured time of ± 0,5 s.
4.2.6 Laboratory fumehood/chamber
3
The laboratory fume hood/chamber shall have an inside volume of at least 1,0 m . The
chamber shall provide a draught-free environment, whilst allowing normal thermal circulation
of air around the test specimen. The chamber shall permit observation of tests in progress.
Unless otherwise stated in the relevant specification, the inside surfaces of the chamber shall
be of a dark colour and when a lux meter, facing towards the rear of the chamber, is
positioned in place of the test specimen, the recorded light level shall be less than 20 lx.
For safety and convenience, it is desirable that this enclosure (which can be completely
closed) is fitted with an extraction device, such as an exhaust fan, to remove products of
combustion which may be toxic. If fitted, the extraction device shall be turned off during the
test and turned on immediately after the test to remove the fire effluents. A positive closing
damper may be needed.
NOTE 1 The amount of oxygen available to support combustion of the test specimen is important for the conduct
of this flame test. For tests conducted by this method when burning times are prolonged, chambers having an
3
inside volume of 1,0 m may not be sufficient to produce accurate results.
NOTE 2 Placing a mirror in the chamber, to provide a rear view of the test specimen, has been found to be useful.
5 Production of the test flame
Set up the burner supply arrangement according to Figure A.6 ensuring leak-free connections
and place the burner in the laboratory fume hood/chamber.
___________
1
Figures in square brackets refer to the bibliography.
2
 Inconel is the trademark of a product supplied by Special Metals Corporation. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this document and does not constitute an endorsement by the IEC of the product
named. Equivalent products may be used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

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60695-11-2 © IEC:2013 – 9 –
Ignite the gas and adjust the gas and air flow rates to the following values.
3 3
The volume flow rate of propane gas shall be equivalent to 650 cm /min ± 10 cm /min when
measured at 23 °C and 0,1 MPa.
3 3
The volume flow rate of air shall be equivalent to 10,0 dm /min ± 0,3 dm /min when measured
at 23 °C and 0,1 MPa.
NOTE These volume flow rates correspond to mass flow rates of 1,184 g/min ± 0,018 g/min for propane gas
3
), and 11,64 g/min ± 0,35 g/min for air (density at 23 °C and 0,1 MPa
(density at 23 °C and 0,1 MPa = 1,821 g/dm
3
= 1,1764 g/dm ).
The flame shall appear stable and symmetrical on examination.
6 Confirmation of the test flame
6.1 Principle
The time for the temperature of the copper block, described in Figure A.6, to increase from
100 °C ± 5 °C to 700 °C ± 3 °C shall be 46 s ± 6 s when the flame test arrangement of
Figure A.8 is used.
6.2 Frequency of confirmatory tests
The confirmatory test shall be done:
a) when the gas supply is changed, or test equipment is replaced, or when data are
questioned;
and either
b) before use of the test flame if the period between use exceeds one month;
or
c) at least once a month if the period between use is less than or equal to one month.
6.3 Procedure
Set up the burner supply and confirmatory test arrangement according to Figure A.8 in the
laboratory fume hood/chamber, ensuring leak-free gas connections.
Temporarily remove the burner away from the copper block to ensure there is no influence of
the flame on the copper block during the preliminary adjustment of gas and air flow rates.
Ignite the gas and adjust the gas and air flow rates to the values specified in Clause 5.
Ensure that the flame is symmetrical. The approximate dimensions of the flame (see
Figure 1), when measured in the laboratory fume hood/chamber and viewed in subdued light,
are as follows:
– blue cone height: 46 mm to 78 mm;
– overall flame height: 148 mm to 208 mm.
Wait for a period of at least 5 min to allow the burner conditions to reach equilibrium.
With the temperature/time indicating/recording devices operational, re-position the burner
under the copper block.
Determine the time for the temperature of the block to increase from 100 °C ± 5 °C to
700 °C ± 3 °C. If the time is 46 s ± 6 s, record the gas and air flow rates and repeat the
procedure two additional times until three successive determinations are each 46 s ± 6 s.

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Allow the block to cool naturally in air to below 50 °C between determinations. If the time of
any determination is not 46 s ± 6 s, then all parts of the apparatus should be checked to
ensure that they are in accordance with this international standard.
NOTE At temperatures above 700 °C, the thermocouple can easily be damaged; therefore it is advisable to
remove the burner immediately after reaching 700 °C.
If the copper block has not been used before, make a preliminary run to condition the copper
block surface. Discard the result.
7 Recommended arrangements for use of the test flame
Examples of appropriate test arrangements are given in Annex B (see Figure B.1).
When used for testing equipment, unless otherwise stated in the relevant specification, the
recommended distance from the top of the burner tube to the point on the surface of the test
specimen to be tested is approximately 100 mm and the burner shall be fixed in position
during the test.
NOTE The distance of 100 mm was chosen to give better reproducibility than the position where the tip of the
blue cone is in contact with the test specimen.
When used for testing strips of materials, where the operator may move the flame during the
test to follow the distorting or burning test specimen, the tip of the blue cone should be as
close as possible without touching the test specimen.
The burner shall be tilted in such a way that debris falling from the test specimen under test
does not fall into the burner.

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60695-11-2 © IEC:2013 – 11 –
1
2
IEC  2934/13


Key
1 Overall flame height (148 mm to 208 mm)
2 Blue cone height (46 mm to 78 mm)
...