ISO 28560-3:2023
(Main)Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 3: Fixed length encoding
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 3: Fixed length encoding
This document provides a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national, academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries). This document specifies the rules for encoding — a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560‑1 into a basic block, and — other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag. A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques — Partie 3: Encodage de longueur fixe
Informatika in dokumentacija - RFID v knjižnicah - 3. del: Kodiranje z nespremenljivo dolžino
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 28560-3
Third edition
2023-04
Information and documentation —
RFID in libraries —
Part 3:
Fixed length encoding
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 3: Encodage de longueur fixe
Reference number
ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Data elements . 3
4.2 RFID air interface . 3
4.2.1 Air interface conformance . 3
4.2.2 Tag performance . 3
4.3 Data protocol . 3
5 General encoding rules . 3
5.1 Distinguishing from other applications and encodings . 3
5.2 Writing/reading direction . 3
5.3 Memory area layout . 4
5.3.1 Specifications . 4
5.3.2 Layout for tags greater than 32 bytes . 4
5.3.3 Layout for 32-byte tags . 4
5.4 Strings and integers . 4
5.4.1 String encoding . 4
5.4.2 Integer encoding . 5
5.5 Writing the tag . 5
5.5.1 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) . 5
5.5.2 Unused space . 5
5.5.3 End of tag. 5
5.6 Reading optimization . 5
5.7 Profiling . 5
5.8 Locking . 5
6 Data elements . 5
7 Data blocks . 9
7.1 Types of data blocks . 9
7.2 Basic block . 9
7.3 Special blocks. 11
7.4 Structured extension blocks . 11
7.4.1 Usage of structured extension blocks . 11
7.4.2 Format of structured extension blocks .12
7.4.3 Length .12
7.4.4 Data block ID .12
7.4.5 Checksum .12
7.5 Library extension block . 13
7.6 Acquisition extension block . 13
7.7 Library supplement block . 14
7.8 Title block . 14
7.9 ILL block . 15
7.10 Unstructured extension blocks . 15
7.10.1 Usage of unstructured extension blocks . 15
7.10.2 Format of unstructured extension blocks . 16
8 Miscellaneous .16
8.1 Migration . 16
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .17
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples .18
Annex C (informative) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .22
Annex D (informative) Reading optimization .23
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for regional profiling .24
Bibliography .25
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 28560-3:2014), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 28560 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace
bar codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. This
standard data model for encoding information on RFID tags increases the cost-effectiveness of the
technology within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment,
and enhance support for resource sharing between libraries.
This document deals with the encoding of a basic set of data elements in a fixed length format and the
rest of the data elements in optional extension blocks. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and
optional data elements.
ISO 28560-2 and this document are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied to
a loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this document, or to the
rules of ISO 28560-2, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used, and other
features of tags that are claiming compliance with ISO 28560-2, the reading system might achieve a
degree of interoperability.
This document provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. Ongoing advice
needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the opportunities to
migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this document.
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 3:
Fixed length encoding
1 Scope
This document provides a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national, academic,
public, corporate, special, and school libraries).
This document specifies the rules for encoding
— a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic
block, and
— other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Data elements and general guidelines
for implementation
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part
3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 28560-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
basic block
data block occupying the first 272 bits of the RFID tag
Note 1 to entry: If the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (i.e. 32 bytes), the basic block is truncated.
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
3.2
byte
8-bit byte
group of eight consecutive bits
Note 1 to entry: A byte can represent one character (3.3) or be part of a representation of a character.
3.3
character
one or more bytes (3.2)
3.4
CRC
cyclic redundancy check
value calculated from the data on the tag
3.5
data block
container for encoding data elements, CRC (3.4), filler, and end mark
3.6
end block
data block (3.5) containing the end mark terminating the information on the RFID tag
3.7
extension block
optional data block (3.5) following the basic block (3.1)
3.8
field
entry in a data block (3.5)
3.9
filler data block
optional data block (3.5) that can be inserted to align other data blocks on page (3.11) boundaries
3.10
fixed length field
field (3.8) of prescribed size in a data block (3.5)
3.11
page
minimum data unit that can be read from or written to a tag
Note 1 to entry: This is measured in bytes (3.2).
3.12
string
sequence of characters (3.3)
3.13
unsigned integer
binary value of a number of consecutive bits
3.14
variable length field
field (3.8) of variable size in a data block (3.5)
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be as defined and compliant with those listed in ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations
to be implemented while still complying with the basic set of data elements.
4.2 RFID air interface
4.2.1 Air interface conformance
The air interface for compliant tags shall be in accordance with the specification for Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems can be
supported during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years, as necessary.
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with ISO/IEC 18047-3.
4.2.2 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for test tag performance, these shall be performed in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
4.3 Data protocol
The fixed length encoding described in this document does not require a separate data protocol.
5 General encoding rules
5.1 Distinguishing from other applications and encodings
The value of the application family identifier (AFI) is used to distinguish tags for library applications
from other applications. The values of AFI for library applications are defined in ISO 28560-1.
ISO 28560-1 describes how the data storage format identifier (DSFID), if present in the system memory
as a programmable register, is used to distinguish tags in the library application area, i.e. with the same
AFI.
Tags encoded according to this document shall be programmed with the value 3E in the DSFID
HEX
register if the tag contains a programmable DSFID register.
This document is not able to encode the DSFID if the tag does not contain a programmable DSFID
register. In this case, ISO 28560-2 encodes the DSFID in the first byte of the working area of the tag. To
take this situation into account, the content parameter (see Table 1) shall not take the value 6 on RFID
tags encoded according to this document.
If and only if the tag does not contain a programmable DSFID register, it is permissible to distinguish
tags encoded according to this document from other encodings by verifying the cyclic redundancy
check (CRC) encoded in the basic block (see 7.2).
5.2 Writing/reading direction
Data shall be written to and read from the tag as specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, Mode 1, such that the
first bit transmitted to or from the tag is the least significant bit of the first field of the basic block. This
field contains the content parameter (see Table 1). From that starting point, bytes are transmitted to
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
or from the tag in order from left to right, with byte 0 to the left of bytes 1, 2, and 3, as shown in the
memory map in Annex B.
5.3 Memory area layout
5.3.1 Specifications
The memory area shall be encoded starting with a basic block with fixed length encoding of a basic set
of data elements for use in the library.
If the size of the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (32 bytes), the RFID tag can only contain a truncated
basic block.
If the size of the RFID tag is greater than 256 bits, extension blocks (structured or unstructured) can be
inserted after the basic block up to the capacity of the chip. If extension blocks are inserted, the order of
these is optional. The length of an extension block is determined by the first byte of the block. The type
of extension block is defined in the following two bytes.
Filler data blocks may be inserted between blocks to align to page boundaries.
An end block shall terminate the encoding, unless the basic block and possible extension blocks take up
the whole space on the RFID tag, in which case an end block is not needed.
5.3.2 Layout for tags greater than 32 bytes
The layout for tags greater than 32 bytes (256 bits) shall be as follows:
[()*]*()*()
The end block is mandatory if the tag is not full (see 5.3.1). Basic block, filler data block, structured
extension blocks, unstructured extension blocks, and end block are specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
5.3.3 Layout for 32-byte tags
The layout for 32-byte tags shall be as follows:
The truncated basic block is specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
5.4 Strings and integers
5.4.1 String encoding
All strings shall be encoded in UTF-8 in accordance with ISO/IEC 10646, with the first character of the
string stored in the lowest memory location. Note that UTF-8 encoding implies that a character can
occupy more than one byte.
The end of a string can be defined in the following different ways:
— with one byte 00 ;
HEX
— with the length of a fixed length field;
— with the end of a structured extension block.
For fixed length fields, all unused bytes shall be 00 .
HEX
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
For variable length fields, one byte 00 shall be used between each field.
HEX
5.4.2 Integer encoding
Integer-encoded fields shall use 4, 8, or 16 bits unsigned integers.
5.5 Writing the tag
5.5.1 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
For RFID tags with only 32 bytes (256 bits) user data space of the basic block is truncated two bytes,
but the CRC shall be calculated for a full-length basic block with the two missing bytes assumed to be
00 .
HEX
See 7.2 and Annex C for a description of CRC.
5.5.2 Unused space
Any unused space in blocks shall be filled with 00 , i.e. a 6-byte primary item identifier encoded in
HEX
the basic block (see 7.2) shall be written as the 6-byte primary item identifier followed by 10 bytes
00 . It is very important for reading optimization that this rule be followed.
HEX
5.5.3 End of tag
If a data block ends on the last user byte of a tag, no “end block” is required. The length specified in the
last data block shall not indicate a size larger than the tag.
5.6 Reading optimization
Guidelines for reading optimization are given in Annex D.
5.7 Profiling
Guidelines for regional profiling are given in Annex E.
5.8 Locking
It is technically possible to lock parts of the tag, but this document does not prescribe any strategy for
locking. Such a strategy is left for regional profiling.
6 Data elements
Table 1 shows for each data element defined in ISO 28560-1 the data block where it is encoded, how it
is encoded, and the values it can take. Note that some data elements can be encoded in different data
blocks. The data blocks are described in Clause 7.
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
Table 1 — Data elements
Name of data Requirements
a c d e
N Data block Encoding Values
b f
element and remarks
1 Primary item Basic block or li- If the primary item identifi- Any string If a primary identi-
identifier brary extension er is maximum 16 bytes, fier is not assigned
block it shall be encoded in the yet, the string is
basic block as a string. empty
.
Otherwise, it shall be
encoded as a string in the
library extension block.
2 Content param- Basic block 4-bit unsigned integer 1 The value defines a
eter version number.
(14 values are
reserved for future A new version
use: 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, number shall be
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, applied if and only
13, 14, 15. To be if it refers to a new
able to distinguish version of this part
from tags encod- of ISO 28560, which
ed according to is not backward
ISO 28560-2, the compatible.
value 6 shall not be
used.)
3 Owner institu- Basic block or li- If the ISIL prefix is one or If the tag is lim- The ISIL code
tion (ISIL) brary extension two characters and the ISIL ited to 32 bytes, is defined in
block unit identifier is less than only ISIL codes ISO 15511 as
or equal to 11 bytes (or with a prefix of a fix>
9 bytes for 32 bytes tags), maximum of two identifier>, where
the string can be encoded characters and a shall be
in the basic block. In this unit identifier less either an alpha-
case, the string shall be than 9 bytes can be 2 country code
formed as the concatena- encoded. (two upper-case
tion of the prefix and the letters), or another
If the size of the
unit identifier. If the prefix registered string
tag is more than
is only one character, a (non-country code),
32 bytes, any ISIL
blank is added between and where
code can, in theory,
the prefix and the unit identifier> can be
be encoded.
identifier. up to 11 characters
long.
If the prefix is more than
two characters or the unit
identifier is longer than
11 bytes, the string can be
encoded in the library ex-
tension block. In this case,
the string shall be the ISIL
code, including the hyphen.
a
This column specifies the data element number, i.e. the number identifying the data element in ISO 28560-1. Data
elements 14, and 27 to 31 are reserved for future use, and therefore not listed in Table 1. When usage and type for these
data elements are defined, a mapping should be considered and specified, and then published at the informational website
in Annex A.
b
This column specifies the data element name, i.e. the name identifying the data element in ISO 28560-1.
c
This column specifies the names of the data blocks in which the data element is encoded.
d
This column specifies how the data element is encoded. For encoding of strings and integers, see 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.
e
This column specifies the values the data element can take.
f
This column gives additional requirements and remarks.
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ISO 28560-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Name of data Requirements
a c d e
N Data block Encoding Values
b f
element and remarks
4 Set information Basic block Two 8-bit unsigned inte-
gers, the first specifying in item> can take consists of two
the values 0 to 255, parts:
and the second
part number>. an unspecified
in item> and
number.
nal part number>
See examples in
number> can take
ISO 28560-1.
the values 0 to 255,
where 0 indicates
the first item in a
set, where not all
items have an RFID
tag.
5 Type of usage Basic block or li- Main qualifier shall be The set of code The data element
brary extension encoded in basic block as a values is specified consi
...
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© ISO 2022
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no
part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without
prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or
ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:20132022(E)
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Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 3
5 General encoding rules . 3
6 Data elements . 6
7 Data blocks . 10
8 Miscellaneous . 17
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries . 18
A.1 Informational website . 18
A.2 Types of support information . 18
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples . 19
B.1 Example 1, encoding of truncated basic block . 19
B.2 Example 2, encoding of basic block and structured extension blocks . 20
B.3 Example 3, encoding of Primary item identifier . 21
B.4 Example 4, encoding of Owner institution (ISIL) . 22
B.5 Example 5, encoding of Alternative owner institution . 22
Annex C (normative) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) . 24
C.1 Specification . 24
C.2 Example . 24
C.3 Example code . 24
Annex D (informative) Reading optimization . 25
D.1 General . 25
D.2 Fast reading . 25
D.3 Optimized reading . 25
D.4 Structured or unstructured extensions . 25
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Annex E (informative) Guidelines for regional profiling . 26
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Bibliography . 27 12 pt
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:20132022(E)
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Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the Formatted: English (United States)
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
Formatted: English (United States)
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United States)
Formatted: English (United States)
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
Formatted: English (United States)
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
Formatted: English (United States)
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents). www.iso.org/patents).
Formatted: English (United States)
Formatted: English (United States)
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
Formatted: English (United States)
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation onof the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and Formatted: English (United States)
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)), see the following Formatted: English (United States)
URL: Foreword - Supplementary informationwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Formatted: English (United States)
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The committee responsible for thisThis document iswas prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46,
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Information and documentation, Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 28560-3:2014), of which it constitutes a
Formatted: English (United States)
minor revision. A few updates are made.
Formatted: English (United States)
A list of all parts in the ISO 28560 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html. Formatted: English (United States)
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12 pt
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iv © ISO 2013 2022 – All rights reserved
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:20132022(E)
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Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace bar
codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. This
standard data model for encoding information on RFID tags increases the cost-effectiveness of the
technology within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment,
and enhance support for resource sharing between libraries.
This part of ISO 28560document deals with the encoding of a basic set of data elements in a fixed length
format and the rest of the data elements in optional extension blocks. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of
mandatory and optional data elements.
ISO 28560-2 and this part of ISO 28560document are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag
being applied to a loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this part of
ISO 28560document, or to the rules of ISO 28560-2, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the
technologies being used, and other features of tags that are claiming compliance with ISO 28560-2, the
reading system might achieve a degree of interoperability.
This International Standarddocument provides essential standards-based information about RFID in
libraries. Ongoing advice needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and
the opportunities to migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this
International Standarddocument.
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© ISO 2013 2022 – All rights reserved v
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FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
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header
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Part 3:
Formatted: English (United States)
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Fixed length encoding
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
1 Scope
This part of ISO 28560document provides a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency
identification (RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national,
academic, public, corporate, special, and school libraries).
This part of ISO 28560document specifies the rules for encoding
— a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
block, and
stops: 0.7 cm, Left + 1.4 cm, Left + 2.1 cm, Left + 2.8 cm,
Left + 3.5 cm, Left + 4.2 cm, Left + 4.9 cm, Left + 5.6 cm,
— other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag. Left + 6.3 cm, Left + 7 cm, Left
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A. Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: cite_app
2 Normative references
The following documents, are referred to in wholethe text in such a way that some or in part, are
normatively referenced inall of their content constitutes requirements of this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
Formatted: RefNorm, Don't adjust space between Latin and
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Asian text, Don't adjust space between Asian text and
numbers, Tab stops: 0.7 cm, Left + 1.4 cm, Left + 2.1 cm,
Left + 2.8 cm, Left + 3.5 cm, Left + 4.2 cm, Left + 4.9 cm,
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Data elements and general guidelines
Left + 5.6 cm, Left + 6.3 cm, Left + 7 cm, Left
for implementation
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Setcoded character set (UCS)
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
Part 3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
ISO/IEC 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
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methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
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3 Terms and definitions Formatted: std_docTitle, Font: Not Italic
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 28560-1 and the following
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apply.
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3.1
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basic block
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data block occupying the first 272 bits of the RFID tag
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 1
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
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Note 1 to entry: If the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (i.e. 32 bytes), the basic block is truncated.
3.2
byte
8-bit byte
group of eight consecutive bits
Note 1 to entry: A byte can represent one character (3.3) or be part of a representation of a character.
3.3
character
one or more bytes (3.2)
3.4
CRC
cyclic redundancy check
value calculated from the data on the tag
3.5
data block
container for encoding data elements, CRC (3.4), filler, and end mark
3.6
end block
data block (3.5) containing the end mark terminating the information on the RFID tag
3.7
extension block
optional data block (3.5) following the basic block (3.1)
3.8
field
entry in a data block (3.5)
3.9
filler data block
optional data block (3.5) that can be inserted to align other data blocks on page (3.11) boundaries
3.10
fixed length field
field (3.8) of prescribed size in a data block (3.5)
3.11
page
minimum data unit that can be read from or written to a tag
Note 1 to entry: This is measured in bytes (3.2).
Inserted Cells
Formatted Table
3.12
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string
Exactly 12 pt
sequence of characters (3.3)
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3.13
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ICS 35.040; 35.240.30
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2
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Formatted: Right
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unsigned integer
binary value of a number of consecutive bits
3.14
variable length field
field (3.8) of variable size in a data block (3.5)
4 Requirements
4.1 Data elements
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
The data elements shall be as defined and compliant with those listed in ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations to
be implemented while still complying with the basic set of data elements.
4.2 RFID air interface
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Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
4.2.1 Air interface conformance
The air interface for compliant tags shall be in accordance with the specification for Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems can be supported
during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years, as necessary.
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with ISO/IEC TR 18047-3.
4.2.2 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for test tag performance, these shall be performed in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
4.3 Data protocol Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
The fixed length encoding described in this part of ISO 28560document does not require a separate data
Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
protocol.
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5 General encoding rules
5.1 Distinguishing from other applications and encodings Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
The value of the application family identifier (AFI) is used to distinguish tags for library applications from
other applications. The values of AFI for library applications are defined in ISO 28560-1.
ISO 28560-1 describes how the data storage format identifier (DSFID), if present in the system memory
as a programmable register, is used to distinguish tags in the library application area, i.e. with the same
AFI.
Tags encoded according to this part of ISO 28560document shall be programmed with the value 3E in
HEX
the DSFID register if the tag contains a programmable DSFID register.
This part of ISO 28560document is not able to encode the DSFID if the tag does not contain a
programmable DSFID register. In this case, ISO 28560-2 encodes the DSFID in the first byte of the working
area of the tag. To take this situation into account, the content parameter (see Table 1) shall not take the
value 6 on RFID tags encoded according to this part of ISO 28560document.
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 3
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
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If and only if the tag does not contain a programmable DSFID register, it is permissible to distinguish tags
encoded according to this part of ISO 28560document from other encodings by verifying the cyclic
redundancy check (CRC) encoded in the basic block (see 7.2).
5.2 Writing/reading direction Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
Data shall be written to and read from the tag as specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, Mode 1, such that the first
bit transmitted to or from the tag is the least significant bit of the first field of the basic block. This field
contains the content parameter (see Table 1). From that starting point, bytes are transmitted to or from
the tag in order from left to right, with byte 0 to the left of bytes 1, 2, and 3, as shown in the memory map
in Annex B.
5.3 Memory area layout Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
5.3.1 Specifications
The memory area shall be encoded starting with a basic block with fixed length encoding of a basic set of
data elements for use in the library.
If the size of the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (32 bytes), the RFID tag can only contain a truncated basic
block.
If the size of the RFID tag is greater than 256 bits, extension blocks (structured or unstructured) can be
inserted after the basic block up to the capacity of the chip. If extension blocks are inserted, the order of
these is optional. The length of an extension block is determined by the first byte of the block. The type
of extension block is defined in the following two bytes.
Filler data blocks may be inserted between blocks to align to page boundaries.
An end block shall terminate the encoding, unless the basic block and possible extension blocks take up
the whole space on the RFID tag, in which case an end block is not needed.
5.3.2 Layout for tags greater than 32 bytes
The layout for tags greater than 32 bytes (256 bits) shall be as follows:
[()*]*()*()
The end block is mandatory if the tag is not full (see5see 5.3.1). Basic block, filler data block, structured
extension blocks, unstructured extension blocks, and end block are specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
5.3.3 Layout for 32-byte tags
The layout for 32-byte tags shall be as follows:
The truncated basic block is specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
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ICS 35.040; 35.240.30
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
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5.4 Strings and integers Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
5.4.1 String encoding
All strings shall be encoded in UTF-8 in accordance with ISO/IEC 10646, with the first character of the
string stored in the lowest memory location. Note that UTF-8 encoding implies that a character can
occupy more than one byte.
The end of a string can be defined in the following different ways:
— with one byte 00 ;
HEX
— with the length of a fixed length field;
— with the end of a structured extension block.
For fixed length fields, all unused bytes shall be 00 .
HEX
For variable length fields, one byte 00HEX shall be used between each field.
5.4.2 Integer encoding
Integer-encoded fields shall use 4, 8, or 16 bits unsigned integers.
5.5 Writing the tag
5.5.1 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
For RFID tags with only 32 bytes (256 bits) user data space of the basic block is truncated two bytes, but
the CRC shall be calculated for a full-length basic block with the two missing bytes assumed to be 00 .
HEX
See 7.2 and Annex C for a description of CRC.
5.5.2 Unused space
Any unused space in blocks shall be filled with 00 , i.e. a 6-byte primary item identifier encoded in the
HEX
basic block (see 7.2) shall be written as the 6-byte primary item identifier followed by 10 bytes 00 . It
HEX
is very important for reading optimization that this rule be followed.
5.5.3 End of tag
If a data block ends on the last user byte of a tag, no “end block” is required. The length specified in the
last data block shall not indicate a size larger than the tag.
5.6 Reading optimization Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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stops: 0.71 cm, Left
Guidelines for reading optimization are given in Annex D.
5.7 Profiling
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stops: 0.71 cm, Left
Guidelines for regional profiling are given in Annex E.
5.8 Locking Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: 0.71 cm, Left
It is technically possible to lock parts of the tag, but this part of ISO 28560document does not prescribe
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any strategy for locking. Such a strategy is left for regional profiling.
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© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved 5
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
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Data elements
Table 1 shows for each data element defined in ISO 28560-1 the data block where it is encoded, how it is
encoded, and the values it can take. Note that some data elements can be encoded in different data blocks.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
The data blocks are described in Clause 7.
Table 1 — Data elements
Table 1 — Data elements
Name of data Requirements
a c d e
N Data block Encoding Values
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b f
element and remarks
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1 Primary item Basic block or If the primary item Any string If a primary Formatted Table
identifier library identifier is maximum identifier is not
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extension block 16 bytes, it shall be assigned yet, the
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
encoded in the basic block string is empty
.
as a string.
Otherwise, it shall be
encoded as a string in the
library extension block.
2 Content Basic block 4-bit unsigned integer 1 The value defines a Formatted: Don't adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Don't adjust space between Asian text and numbers
parameter version number.
(14 values are
reserved for future A new version
use: 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, number shall be
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, applied if and only
14, 15. To be able if it refers to a new
to distinguish from version of this part
tags encoded of ISO 28560,
according to which is not
ISO 28560-2, the backward
value 6 shall not be compatible.
used.)
Inserted Cells
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...
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 28560-3
ISO/TC 46/SC 4
Information and documentation —
Secretariat: KATS
RFID in libraries —
Voting begins on:
2023-01-25
Part 3:
Voting terminates on:
Fixed length encoding
2023-03-22
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 3: Encodage de longueur fixe
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2023(E)
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2023
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2023(E)
FINAL
INTERNATIONAL ISO/FDIS
DRAFT
STANDARD 28560-3
ISO/TC 46/SC 4
Information and documentation —
Secretariat: KATS
RFID in libraries —
Voting begins on:
Part 3:
Voting terminates on:
Fixed length encoding
Information et documentation — RFID dans les bibliothèques —
Partie 3: Encodage de longueur fixe
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO
ISO copyright office
SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION
OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
THEY ARE AWARE AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
DOCUMENTATION.
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
Reference number
Email: copyright@iso.org
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Website: www.iso.org
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES,
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON
Published in Switzerland
OCCASION HAVE TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE
LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL TO BECOME STAN-
DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
ii
© ISO 2023 – All rights reserved
NATIONAL REGULATIONS. © ISO 2022
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Requirements . 3
4.1 Data elements . 3
4.2 RFID air interface . 3
4.2.1 Air interface conformance . 3
4.2.2 Tag performance . 3
4.3 Data protocol . 3
5 General encoding rules . 3
5.1 Distinguishing from other applications and encodings . 3
5.2 Writing/reading direction . 3
5.3 Memory area layout . 4
5.3.1 Specifications . 4
5.3.2 Layout for tags greater than 32 bytes . 4
5.3.3 Layout for 32-byte tags . 4
5.4 Strings and integers . 4
5.4.1 String encoding . 4
5.4.2 Integer encoding . 5
5.5 Writing the tag . 5
5.5.1 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) . 5
5.5.2 Unused space . 5
5.5.3 End of tag. 5
5.6 Reading optimization . 5
5.7 Profiling . 5
5.8 Locking . 5
6 Data elements . 5
7 Data blocks . 9
7.1 Types of data blocks . 9
7.2 Basic block . 9
7.3 Special blocks. 11
7.4 Structured extension blocks . 11
7.4.1 Usage of structured extension blocks . 11
7.4.2 Format of structured extension blocks .12
7.4.3 Length .12
7.4.4 Data block ID .12
7.4.5 Checksum .12
7.5 Library extension block . 13
7.6 Acquisition extension block . 13
7.7 Library supplement block . 14
7.8 Title block . 14
7.9 ILL block . 15
7.10 Unstructured extension blocks . 15
7.10.1 Usage of unstructured extension blocks . 15
7.10.2 Format of unstructured extension blocks . 16
8 Miscellaneous .16
8.1 Migration . 16
Annex A (informative) Information about ISO 28560 RFID in libraries .17
iii
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Annex B (informative) Encoding examples .18
Annex C (informative) Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .22
Annex D (informative) Reading optimization .23
Annex E (informative) Guidelines for regional profiling .24
Bibliography .25
iv
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation,
Subcommittee SC 4, Technical interoperability.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 28560-3:2014), of which it constitutes a
minor revision.
A list of all parts in the ISO 28560 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Introduction
Libraries are implementing radio frequency identification (RFID) as item identification to replace
bar codes. RFID streamlines applications like user self-service, security, and materials handling. This
standard data model for encoding information on RFID tags increases the cost-effectiveness of the
technology within libraries, particularly through greater interoperability of RFID tags and equipment,
and enhance support for resource sharing between libraries.
This document deals with the encoding of a basic set of data elements in a fixed length format and the
rest of the data elements in optional extension blocks. ISO 28560-1 defines the set of mandatory and
optional data elements.
ISO 28560-2 and this document are mutually exclusive with respect to an RFID tag being applied to
a loan item. In other words, the RFID tag is encoded according to the rules of this document, or to the
rules of ISO 28560-2, or to some proprietary rules. Depending on the technologies being used, and other
features of tags that are claiming compliance with ISO 28560-2, the reading system might achieve a
degree of interoperability.
This document provides essential standards-based information about RFID in libraries. Ongoing advice
needs to be provided because of the evolving nature of RFID technology, and the opportunities to
migrate between different types of legacy system and encoding rules of this document.
vi
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
FINAL DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Information and documentation — RFID in libraries —
Part 3:
Fixed length encoding
1 Scope
This document provides a data model and encoding rules for the use of radio frequency identification
(RFID) tags for items appropriate for the needs of all types of libraries (including national, academic,
public, corporate, special, and school libraries).
This document specifies the rules for encoding
— a subset of data elements taken from the total set of data elements listed in ISO 28560-1 into a basic
block, and
— other data elements into extension blocks onto the RFID tag.
A source of additional information about implementation issues is provided in Annex A.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 28560-1, Information and documentation — RFID in libraries — Data elements and general guidelines
for implementation
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
ISO/IEC 18000-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management — Part
3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
ISO/IEC 18046-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device performance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for tag performance
ISO/IEC 18047-3, Information technology — Radio frequency identification device conformance test
methods — Part 3: Test methods for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 28560-1 and the following
apply.
3.1
basic block
data block occupying the first 272 bits of the RFID tag
Note 1 to entry: If the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (i.e. 32 bytes), the basic block is truncated.
1
© ISO 2022 – All rights reserved
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
3.2
byte
8-bit byte
group of eight consecutive bits
Note 1 to entry: A byte can represent one character (3.3) or be part of a representation of a character.
3.3
character
one or more bytes (3.2)
3.4
CRC
cyclic redundancy check
value calculated from the data on the tag
3.5
data block
container for encoding data elements, CRC (3.4), filler, and end mark
3.6
end block
data block (3.5) containing the end mark terminating the information on the RFID tag
3.7
extension block
optional data block (3.5) following the basic block (3.1)
3.8
field
entry in a data block (3.5)
3.9
filler data block
optional data block (3.5) that can be inserted to align other data blocks on page (3.11) boundaries
3.10
fixed length field
field (3.8) of prescribed size in a data block (3.5)
3.11
page
minimum data unit that can be read from or written to a tag
Note 1 to entry: This is measured in bytes (3.2).
3.12
string
sequence of characters (3.3)
3.13
unsigned integer
binary value of a number of consecutive bits
3.14
variable length field
field (3.8) of variable size in a data block (3.5)
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
4 Requirements
4.1 Data elements
The data elements shall be as defined and compliant with those listed in ISO 28560-1.
NOTE There is a degree of flexibility in using locally defined codes that enable enhancements and variations
to be implemented while still complying with the basic set of data elements.
4.2 RFID air interface
4.2.1 Air interface conformance
The air interface for compliant tags shall be in accordance with the specification for Mode 1.
For migration purposes, additional non-compliant air interfaces used in legacy systems can be
supported during a transition period, which is permitted to remain in place for years, as necessary.
The air interface conformance shall be tested in accordance with ISO/IEC 18047-3.
4.2.2 Tag performance
Where there are requirements for test tag performance, these shall be performed in accordance with
ISO/IEC 18046-3.
4.3 Data protocol
The fixed length encoding described in this document does not require a separate data protocol.
5 General encoding rules
5.1 Distinguishing from other applications and encodings
The value of the application family identifier (AFI) is used to distinguish tags for library applications
from other applications. The values of AFI for library applications are defined in ISO 28560-1.
ISO 28560-1 describes how the data storage format identifier (DSFID), if present in the system memory
as a programmable register, is used to distinguish tags in the library application area, i.e. with the same
AFI.
Tags encoded according to this document shall be programmed with the value 3E in the DSFID
HEX
register if the tag contains a programmable DSFID register.
This document is not able to encode the DSFID if the tag does not contain a programmable DSFID
register. In this case, ISO 28560-2 encodes the DSFID in the first byte of the working area of the tag. To
take this situation into account, the content parameter (see Table 1) shall not take the value 6 on RFID
tags encoded according to this document.
If and only if the tag does not contain a programmable DSFID register, it is permissible to distinguish
tags encoded according to this document from other encodings by verifying the cyclic redundancy
check (CRC) encoded in the basic block (see 7.2).
5.2 Writing/reading direction
Data shall be written to and read from the tag as specified in ISO/IEC 18000-3, Mode 1, such that the
first bit transmitted to or from the tag is the least significant bit of the first field of the basic block. This
field contains the content parameter (see Table 1). From that starting point, bytes are transmitted to
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
or from the tag in order from left to right, with byte 0 to the left of bytes 1, 2, and 3, as shown in the
memory map in Annex B.
5.3 Memory area layout
5.3.1 Specifications
The memory area shall be encoded starting with a basic block with fixed length encoding of a basic set
of data elements for use in the library.
If the size of the RFID tag is limited to 256 bits (32 bytes), the RFID tag can only contain a truncated
basic block.
If the size of the RFID tag is greater than 256 bits, extension blocks (structured or unstructured) can be
inserted after the basic block up to the capacity of the chip. If extension blocks are inserted, the order of
these is optional. The length of an extension block is determined by the first byte of the block. The type
of extension block is defined in the following two bytes.
Filler data blocks may be inserted between blocks to align to page boundaries.
An end block shall terminate the encoding, unless the basic block and possible extension blocks take up
the whole space on the RFID tag, in which case an end block is not needed.
5.3.2 Layout for tags greater than 32 bytes
The layout for tags greater than 32 bytes (256 bits) shall be as follows:
[()*]*()*()
The end block is mandatory if the tag is not full (see 5.3.1). Basic block, filler data block, structured
extension blocks, unstructured extension blocks, and end block are specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
5.3.3 Layout for 32-byte tags
The layout for 32-byte tags shall be as follows:
The truncated basic block is specified in Clause 7.
An example is given in Annex B.
5.4 Strings and integers
5.4.1 String encoding
All strings shall be encoded in UTF-8 in accordance with ISO/IEC 10646, with the first character of the
string stored in the lowest memory location. Note that UTF-8 encoding implies that a character can
occupy more than one byte.
The end of a string can be defined in the following different ways:
— with one byte 00 ;
HEX
— with the length of a fixed length field;
— with the end of a structured extension block.
For fixed length fields, all unused bytes shall be 00 .
HEX
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
For variable length fields, one byte 00 shall be used between each field.
HEX
5.4.2 Integer encoding
Integer-encoded fields shall use 4, 8, or 16 bits unsigned integers.
5.5 Writing the tag
5.5.1 Cyclic redundancy check (CRC)
For RFID tags with only 32 bytes (256 bits) user data space of the basic block is truncated two bytes,
but the CRC shall be calculated for a full-length basic block with the two missing bytes assumed to be
00 .
HEX
See 7.2 and Annex C for a description of CRC.
5.5.2 Unused space
Any unused space in blocks shall be filled with 00 , i.e. a 6-byte primary item identifier encoded in
HEX
the basic block (see 7.2) shall be written as the 6-byte primary item identifier followed by 10 bytes
00 . It is very important for reading optimization that this rule be followed.
HEX
5.5.3 End of tag
If a data block ends on the last user byte of a tag, no “end block” is required. The length specified in the
last data block shall not indicate a size larger than the tag.
5.6 Reading optimization
Guidelines for reading optimization are given in Annex D.
5.7 Profiling
Guidelines for regional profiling are given in Annex E.
5.8 Locking
It is technically possible to lock parts of the tag, but this document does not prescribe any strategy for
locking. Such a strategy is left for regional profiling.
6 Data elements
Table 1 shows for each data element defined in ISO 28560-1 the data block where it is encoded, how it
is encoded, and the values it can take. Note that some data elements can be encoded in different data
blocks. The data blocks are described in Clause 7.
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ISO/FDIS 28560-3:2022(E)
Table 1 — Data elements
Name of data Requirements
a c d e
N Data block Encoding Values
b f
element and remarks
1 Primary item Basic block or li- If the primary item identifi- Any string If a primary identi-
identifier brary extension er is maximum 16 bytes, fier is not assigned
block it shall be encoded in the yet, the string is
basic block as a string. empty
.
Otherwise, it shall be
encoded as a string in the
library extension block.
2 Content param- Basic block 4-bit unsigned integer 1 The value defines a
eter version number.
(14 values are
reserved for future A new version
use: 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, number shall be
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, applied if and only
13, 14, 15. To be if it refers to a new
able to distinguish version of this part
from tags encod- of ISO 28560, which
ed according to is not backward
ISO 28560-2, the compatible.
value 6 shall not be
used.)
3 Owner institu- Basic block or li- If the ISIL prefix is one or If the tag is lim- The ISIL code
tion (ISIL) brary extension two characters and the ISIL ited to 32 bytes, is defined in
block unit identifier is less than only ISIL codes ISO 15511 as
or equal to 11 bytes (or with a prefix of a fix>
9 bytes for 32 bytes tags), maximum of two identifier>, where
the string can be encoded characters and a shall be
in the basic block. In this unit identifier less either an alpha-
case, the string shall be than 9 bytes can be 2 country code
formed as the concatena- encoded. (two upper-case
tion of the prefix and the letters), or another
If the size of the
unit identifier. If the prefix registered string
tag is more than
is only one character, a (non-country code),
32 bytes, any ISIL
blank is added between and where
code can, in theory,
the prefix and the unit identifier> can be
be encoded.
identifier. up to 11 characters
long.
If the prefix is more than
two characters or the unit
identifier is longer than
11 bytes, the string can be
encoded in the library ex-
tension block. In this case,
the string shall be the ISIL
code, including the hyphen.
a
This column specifies the data element number, i.e. the number identifying the data element in ISO 28560-1. Data
elements 14, and 27 to 31 are reserved for future use, and therefore not listed in Table 1. When usage and type for t
...
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