ISO/TS 15029-2:2012

TECHNICAL ISO/TS
SPECIFICATION 15029-2
First edition
2012-12-01
Petroleum and related products —
Determination of spray ignition
characteristics of fire-resistant fluids —
Part 2:
Spray test — Stabilized flame heat
release method
Produits pétroliers et produits connexes — Détermination
des caractéristiques d’inflammation des fluides difficilement
inflammables en jet pulvérisé —
Partie 2: Essai de pulvérisation — Méthode par dégagement de
chaleur d’une flamme stabilisée
Reference number
ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012

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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Reagents and materials . 2
6 Apparatus . 2
6.1 Test installation . 2
6.2 Instrumentation . 7
7 Sampling and sample preparation . 9
8 Apparatus preparation .10
9 Procedure.10
3
9.1 Measurements at a propane flow rate of 0,13 Nm /h .10
3
9.2 Measurements at a propane flow rate of 0,4 Nm /h .11
9.3 Rejection of test data .11
9.4 Tabulation of measurements .12
9.5 Number of tests .12
10 Calculations.13
10.1 Ignitability factor.13
10.2 Flame length index .14
10.3 Smoke density .14
11 Expression of results .14
11.1 Individual results .14
11.2 Ranking system .14
12 Precision .15
13 Test report .15
Annex A (normative) Verification of propane pressure and flow rate .16
Annex B (normative) Verification of propane flame characteristics .17
Annex C (normative) Test apparatus calibration .22
Annex D (informative) Suggested fire-resistant classification scheme .24
Annex E (informative) Example pro-forma for test results .25
Bibliography .28
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies
casting a vote.
In other circumstances, particularly when there is an urgent market requirement for such documents, a
technical committee may decide to publish other types of document:
— an ISO Publicly Available Specification (ISO/PAS) represents an agreement between technical
experts in an ISO working group and is accepted for publication if it is approved by more than 50 %
of the members of the parent committee casting a vote;
— an ISO Technical Specification (ISO/TS) represents an agreement between the members of a
technical committee and is accepted for publication if it is approved by 2/3 of the members of the
committee casting a vote.
An ISO/PAS or ISO/TS is reviewed after three years in order to decide whether it will be confirmed for
a further three years, revised to become an International Standard, or withdrawn. If the ISO/PAS or
ISO/TS is confirmed, it is reviewed again after a further three years, at which time it must either be
transformed into an International Standard or be withdrawn.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TS 15029-2 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 28, Petroleum products and lubricants.
ISO/TS 15029 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and related products —
Determination of spray ignition characteristics of fire-resistant fluids:
— Part 1: Spray flame persistence — Hollow-cone nozzle method
— Part 2: Spray test — Stabilized flame heat release method [Technical Specification]
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)
Petroleum and related products — Determination of spray
ignition characteristics of fire-resistant fluids —
Part 2:
Spray test — Stabilized flame heat release method
WARNING — The use of this part of ISO 15029 may involve hazardous materials, operations
and equipment. This part of ISO 15029 does not purport to address all of the safety problems
associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this part of ISO 15029 to establish
appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations
prior to use.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15029 specifies a method by which the fire hazards of pressurized sprays of fire-
resistant fluids can be compared. Two sizes of propane flame are used to ignite and stabilize combustion
of an air-atomised release of fluid and measurements related to the rate of heat release, length of flame
and density of smoke are taken to give quantitative information on the fire behaviour of the fluid.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3170:2004, Petroleum liquids — Manual sampling
ISO 3696:1987, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
ISO 6743-4:1999, Lubricants, industrial oils and related products (class L) — Classification — Part 4:
Family H (Hydraulic systems)
1)
ISO 9162:— , Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Liquefied petroleum gases — Specifications
IEC 60584-1:1995, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
stabilised spray flame
point at which the rate of energy release, flame length and other combustion properties, are steady as a
function of time, so that sensible time-averaged values can be calculated
3.2
flame length
distance in millimetres from the vertical centre line of the gas burner to the furthest downstream point
reached by the visible flame
1) To be published (revision of ISO 9162:1989).
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

3.3
flame length index
function of the flame length and propane flow rate
3.4
ignitability factor
corrected value, to the nearest integer, of a function of heat release at a specific propane flow rate
3.5
smoke density
smoke density, as a function of smoke opacity in the flue pipe before and after introduction of the test fluid
NOTE See ISO 5659-2:2012, term 3.8 “optical density of smoke”.
4 Principle
A pre-conditioned flux of the test fluid is delivered to a test chamber through a twin-fluid atomiser.
Compressed air, supplied to the nozzle at a controlled rate, is used to produce an atomised spray, which
is exposed to a defined flame of a gas burner present throughout the test. The gas flame acts to produce,
by input of heat at a steady rate, a stabilized spray flame (3.1), so that combustion properties, such as the
rate of energy release and flame length, (3.2) are sufficiently steady over time to allow time-averaged
values to be measured.
Temperatures are measured both at the entry to the combustion chamber and in the exhaust, with the
burner operating first without, and then with, release of the test fluid. The flame length (3.2) and smoke
opacity of the exhaust are also measured. Calculations of functions, such as flame length index (3.3)
ignitability factor (3.4) and smoke density (3.5) are made from these measurements. Sampling of the
exhaust can enable the production rate of other combustion products to be determined. A grading system
for the performance of fire-resistant fluids is developed from these determinations and calculations.
5 Reagents and materials
5.1 Propane, high purity (minimum 98 %) grade, generally conforming to the requirements of ISO 9162.
5.2 Nitrogen, oxygen-free, commercial grade.
5.3 Compressed air.
5.4 Water, conforming to the requirements of grade 3 of ISO 3696.
5.5 Ethylene glycol, laboratory grade (mono, 98 % purity).
6 Apparatus
6.1 Test installation
6.1.1 General
The major components of the installation are described in 6.1.2 to 6.1.6.
Figure 1 gives a general layout of the test installation.
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

Figure 1 — General view of installation
Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a suggested layout of the test equipment detailing the different
input streams to the combustion chamber and exhaust duct.
Figure 2 — Schematic diagram of suggested test rig layout
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

6.1.2 Combustion chamber
This shall be fabricated from steel sheet, 8 mm thick, of square cross-section with internal dimensions
of (2 000 ± 5) mm x (490 ± 5) mm x (490 ± 5) mm. The inner and outer surfaces shall be painted with
black heat-resistant paint. A clear window of heat-resistant glass, 8,5 mm thick, shall be located in one
side of the chamber. The glass shall be (1 920 ± 10) mm x (525 ± 10) mm providing an open area of the
window of (1 880 ± 10) mm x (480 ± 10) mm. The window is hinged from below to allow access to the
chamber. The window shall be clamped shut during use and sealed with mineral fibre tape to avoid
ingress of air (See Figure 3).
6.1.3 Extraction system
The combustion chamber exit shall be connected to a contraction fabricated from steel sheet 1 mm
thick, providing a transition from the square to a circular cross-section with an internal diameter of
250 mm ± 4 mm. This contraction, 750 mm ± 10 mm long, is connected to a horizontal section of flue pipe
1 400 mm ± 10 mm in length which, in turn, may be connected to further exhaust ducting or clearing
system that shall be designed to provide stable conditions in the combustion chamber during a test.
The air flow through the chamber is produced by a jet pump mounted in the exhaust duct, producing
an air velocity of 1,4 m/s ± 0,1 m/s measured 50 mm ± 2 mm inside the combustion chamber inlet.
The temperature of the air entering the chamber shall be sufficiently constant within the range 10 °C
to 25 °C, such that the temperature variation over a period of 30 s shall not exceed 1 °C. The relative
humidity of the air shall lie between 40 % and 80 %.
6.1.4 Spray delivery system
6.1.4.1 Reservoir. The test fluid shall be contained in a steel reservoir of minimum capacity 3 l, designed
for an internal pressure of 2,5 MPa at 20 °C. The flow of fluid from the reservoir is provided by means of
pressurized nitrogen (5.2) supplied to the upper part of the reservoir, with a valve situated in the nitrogen
supply pipe. Means shall be provided to permit complete drainage of the system.
6.1.4.2 Test fluid delivery. The fluid volume flow rate can be measured with a suitable flowmeter and
controlled to 90 ± 0,5 ml/min by means of a needle valve. The fluid temperature is maintained between
10 °C and 25 °C, and measured by a thermocouple located immediately before the fluid nozzle. The fluid
2)
is delivered to the atomiser through nylon and/or steel piping with an internal diameter of 7,5 mm ±
2,5 mm, rated at 2 MPa and the flowmeter shall be located 350 mm ± 150 mm downstream of the valve.
6.1.4.3 Compressed air. Compressed air shall be supplied, via a suitable mesh filter to remove droplets
3 3
and particulates at a steady flow rate of 1,92 Nm /h ± 0,05 Nm /h at a pressure of 0,2 MPa. The flow rate
3 3
shall be measured by a variable area flowmeter having a flow range of 0,4 Nm /h to 3,0 Nm /h, located
3 500 mm ± 500 mm before the spray jet at a pressure of 0,2 MPa, and controlled by a valve installed
downstream of the flowmeter. The temperature of the atomising air shall be between 10 °C and 25 °C.

2) Type 1/4JBC-12B, manufactured by Spraying Systems Co. (http://www.spray.com) and supplied by CT Limited,
Guildford, Surrey, UK is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information is given for the
convenience of users of this part of ISO 15029 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO of this product.
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 combustion chamber 6 anemometer
2 contraction 7 propane gas thermocouple
3 flue pipe 8 atomizing air thermocouple
4 exhaust gas thermocouple 9 fluid inlet pipe
5 ambient air thermocouple
Figure 3 — Combustion chamber and exhaust system
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 spray nozzle 4 propane burner
2 fluid supply 5 base plate
3 air supply 6 cowling
Figure 4 — Atomizer and burner system
6.1.5 Burner system
6.1.5.1 System design. The gas burner, constructed of brass and illustrated in Figure 4, provides a
3)
continuous ignition source using propane (5.1) pre-mixed with air (5.3). It incorporates a nozzle , drilled
to a diameter of 0,68 mm, and two mixing chambers, the whole mounted rigidly on to a steel base plate of
6 mm thickness (see Figure 4). The exit of the 26 mm internal diameter mixing chamber shall be 143 mm
± 1 mm below the centre line of the atomiser, and a distance of 42,5 mm ± 1 mm downstream of the
atomiser orifice. If required, the burner can be manufactured from the illustration given in Figure 5.
Propane, at a minimum pressure of 0,25 MPa, shall be supplied through 4 000 mm ± 1 000 mm of flexible
tubing of 6 mm ± 2 mm bore, to an assembly of a pressure gauge, flowmeter and valve. Further flexible
and/or metal tubing, 2 500 mm ± 500 mm in length and of a minimum bore of 6 mm, is installed between
the valve in the assembly and the gas burner.

3) Type t1700 fine flame gas nozzle, supplied by Applications des Gaz, Paris, France (now part of the Coleman
Group; http://www.coleman-eur.com) is an example of a suitable product available commercially. This information
is given for the convenience of users of this part of ISO 15029 and does not constitute endorsement by ISO of this
product.
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

3 3
At a controlled pressure of 0,2 MPa, the propane flow rate shall be either 0,13 Nm /h ± 0,005 Nm /h, or
3 3
0,40 Nm /h ± 0,005 Nm /h, depending upon specific test requirements. The flow rate shall be measured
3 3
with a variable area flowmeter having a range of 0,10 Nm /h to 0,50 Nm /h and of suitable resolution.
The temperature of the propane on entering the burner shall be between 10 °C and 25 °C.
6.1.5.2 System verification. On installation the system shall be verified for conformity to the standard
design. Annexes A and B describe protocols for checking the control systems and flame characteristics,
respectively. At intervals of 12 months, or if it is suspected that the characteristics of the burner have
changed, the burner may be checked by sampling the flame temperature at a few selected locations and
comparing the measurements with the standard values given in Annex B.
6.1.6 Burner and atomiser mounting
6.1.6.1 Mounting. The atomiser and burner assembly, on the steel base plate, is protected by a cowling
fabricated from 1 mm thick sheet steel bent into the form shown in Figure 4, with a height of 300 mm ±
1 mm, overall width of 97 mm ± 1 mm, and overall length of 255 mm ± 1 mm. The burner shall also be
protected from the surrounding air flow by a cylindrical cowling of 87 mm ± 1 mm diameter, containing
a vertical slot with an external opening of 61 mm ± 2 mm on its upstream face. Three threaded supports
provide a means of elevation of this cowling, with its upper part at a distance of 37 mm ± 2 mm from the
horizontal plane passing through the atomiser axis.
6.1.6.2 Placement. The base plate is positioned on the floor of the combustion chamber with the
atomiser orifice 500 mm ± 5 mm downstream of the combustion chamber inlet orifice. Connections
through the base plate and combustion chamber floor shall be provided for the supply of air, propane and
test fluid to the burner and atomiser as appropriate.
6.2 Instrumentation
6.2.1 Temperature sensors
Five T-type Cu-CuNi thermocouples with an outer diameter of 1,5 mm, conforming to the requirements of
IEC 60584-1, or temperature measurement devices of equivalent precision and accuracy, are positioned
as illustrated in Figure 2. The third thermocouple is positioned in the test fluid reservoir with at least
50 mm of sheath completely immersed in the fluid, and not in contact with the vessel wall. All the
thermocouples shall be used with 0 °C reference junctions in accordance with IEC 60584-1. Measurement
accuracy shall be ± 0,5 °C over the range 15 °C to 200 °C, and the temperature resolution shall be 0,1 °C.
The accuracy of the test result is highly dependent upon the accurate positioning of the exhaust gas
thermocouple. This shall be located with an accuracy of ± 0,5 mm and checked before the commencement
of each new series of tests.
Where a computer is used, both this and the data acquisition system shall be capable of calculating
averages of at least 100 values of each temperature measured over 120 s.
6.2.2 Anemometer
The air flow velocity in the combustion chamber is measured using a rotating vane anemometer with a
4)
vane diameter of 95 mm ± 30 mm located as illustrated in Figure 2 (including section “A”).
6.2.3 Humidity sensors
The relative humidity of the incoming air used in each test series shall be measured and recorded at the
beginning and end of each day of testing.
4) A suitable instrument is manufactured by Testo Limited. This information is given for the convenience of users
of this part of ISO 15029 and does not constitute an endorsement by ISO. Equivalent products may be used if they
can be shown to lead to the same results.
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

6.2.4 Flame length scale
A linear scale of at least 1 m in length, with a resolution of no greater than 10 mm, shall be attached to
the combustion chamber side window.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 mixing chamber 1 5 nozzle holder with flash-back unit 9 straight male adaptor
2 mixing chamber 2 6 washer 10 locking screw
3 regulation collar 7 washer 11 locking screw
4 burner nozzle 8 sealing ring
Figure 5 — Propane burner
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

6.2.5 Smoke meter
A white light obscuration smoke opacity meter, using an illuminated beam of 20 mm ± 5 mm diameter, is
mounted 625 mm ± 125 mm downstream of the contraction in the flue pipe. The arrangement shall not
reduce light transmission by soot deposits by more than 5 %. A suitable instrument is manufactured by
Fire Testing Technology Limited.
6.2.6 Calibration of instruments
6.2.6.1 Temperature sensors. All the temperature sensors shall have current calibration certificates
traceable to a national standard and appropriate corrections shall be applied to observed readings.
6.2.6.2 Smoke meter. The output of the smoke meter shall be calibrated before and after using at least
three neutral density filters inserted in the light beam, giving 25 %, 50 % and 75 % light obscuration use.
Observed readings shall be corrected for deviations in linearity.
6.2.6.3 Other meters. Flowmeters and the anemometer shall be calibrated according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations or at least annually by means traceable to a national standard, and the
appropriate corrections made to observed readings.
6.2.6.4 Humidity sensors. The relative humidity sensor should be calibrated according to the
manufacturer’s recommendations and appropriate corrections shall be applied to all observed readings.
6.2.6.5 Test apparatus. Prior to each new series of tests, the entire test apparatus shall be calibrated
for ignitability factor by the procedure described in Annex C and corrected values used for reporting, as
described in 10.1. It is important that any changes in the measured ignitability factor values obtained with
the calibration fluids be investigated to ensure that the test apparatus has not been subject to modification
and conforms to the requirements of this Technical Specification.
If calibration test values differ significantly from those previously obtained then the calibration of
individual components (e.g. flowmeters) should be examined.
7 Sampling and sample preparation
7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples of at least 5 l shall be obtained in accordance with the
procedures described in ISO 3170.
7.2 Store samples in sealed containers at a temperature of 10 °C to 30 °C under clean and dry conditions.
After removing a sample immediately re-seal the container to minimize any moisture loss or gain.
7.3 Mix the sample by shaking or stirring and examine for clarity and contamination before
transferring the test portion to the conditioning beaker. If phase separation and/or particulate are
observed, discard the sample.
7.4 For water-mix fluids, such as those in categories HFAE or HFAS (as classified in ISO 6743-4, prepare
the concentrate with water (5.4) within 1 h of the start of the test.
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ISO/TS 15029-2:2012(E)

8 Apparatus preparation
8.1 Turn off the propane supply and thoroughly clean the apparatus in preparation for each test, in the
manner described in 8.2 to 8.6.
8.2 Remove any traces of previous sample by draining the reservoir, pipework and flowmeter by means
of disconnecting orifices at the various lowest points. Re-connect these orifices.
8.3 Flush the reservoir with 500 ml of solvent appropriate to the sample previously tested. For water-
based fluids, use water. For non-aqueous fluids, use acetone.
8.4 Open the valve in the fluid supply circuit and pressurize the reservoir with nitrogen. Allow at
least 250 ml of liquid to be expelled through the atomiser. Close the valve and de-pressurize. Drain the
fluid/solvent at the atomiser orifice. Repeat the procedure given in 8.2.
8.5 Remove any further traces of solvent in the apparatus by evaporation or careful wiping with a
lint-free cloth.
8.6 Place 500 ml of the new test fluid in the reservoir and repeat the procedure given in 8.4. If the new
fluid is in the same category and quality as that last tested, repeat this operation twice. If the new fluid is
a different category or quality, repeat the operation at least three times.
9 Procedure
3
9.1 Measurements at a propane flow rate of 0,13 Nm /h
9.1.1 Place 1 500 ml of sample into a 2 000 ml glass beaker and heat or cool as appropriate to the test
temperature (10 °C to 25 °C), stirring to maintain homogeneity.
NOTE When the fluid is supplied as a concentrate it should first be diluted with distilled or deionised water
as recommended by the manufacturer or supplier and 1500 ml of the diluent placed in the reservoir.
9.1.2 Pour the test portion into
...