ISO 14813-1:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14813-1
Second edition
2015-10-01
Intelligent transport systems —
Reference model architecture(s) for
the ITS sector —
Part 1:
ITS service domains, service groups
and services
Systèmes intelligents de transport (ITS) — Architecture(s) de modèle
de référence pour le secteur ITS —
Partie 1: Domaines de service, groupes de service et services ITS
Reference number
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 4
5 General requirements . 4
5.1 ITS service domains, service groups and services . 4
5.1.1 Characteristics of ITS service domains . 4
5.1.2 Characteristics of ITS service groups . 5
5.1.3 Characteristics of ITS services . 5
5.2 ITS users . 5
6 The structure of ITS service domains . 6
6.1 ITS service domains . 6
6.2 Cooperative-ITS . 7
6.3 Service Domain Structure . 7
6.4 ITS service groups for each domain.12
6.5 Use of ITS services to provide Object Identifiers for data concepts.13
Annex A (normative) Traveller Information service domain .14
Annex B (normative) Traffic Management and Operations service domain .23
Annex C (normative) Vehicle Services domain .36
Annex D (normative) Freight transport services domain .42
Annex E (normative) Public transport service domain .57
Annex F (normative) Emergency Services service domain .60
Annex G (normative) Transport-related payment service domain .64
Annex H (normative) Road transport related personal safety services domain .68
Annex I (normative) Weather and environmental conditions monitoring services domain .72
Annex J (normative) Disaster response management and coordination services domain .74
Annex K (normative) National Security services domain .78
Annex L (normative) ITS Data Management services domain .82
Annex M (normative) Performance Management services domain .85
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 14813-1:2007), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 14813 consists of the following parts, under the general title Intelligent transport systems —
Reference model architecture(s) for the ITS sector:
— Part 1: ITS fundamental services
— Part 5: Requirements for architecture description in ITS standards
— Part 6: Data presentation in ASN.1
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

Introduction
Intelligent transport systems (ITS) service domains and groups reflect the evolution of technology-
oriented transportation practices and applications. So far this has been in the road transport domain,
but ITS is beginning to appear in the maritime and rail transport domains. This has become of
increasing importance and interest as the scope of ITS expands beyond its original range of services
in road traffic management, traveller information and electronic payment systems. ITS is now also
expected to address services in the following areas of the road transport domain:
— Transport network operations and maintenance activities;
— Freight mobility and inter-modal connectivity;
— Multi-modal travel including both pre-trip and on-trip information and journey planning where the
trip starts and/or finishes in the road transport domain;
— Variable road pricing strategies for freight and personal travel;
— Emergency and natural disaster-related response activities and coordination;
— National security needs related to transportation infrastructure;
— Cooperative-ITS – sometimes referred to as ‘connected vehicles’ or ‘connected vehicle/highway
systems’.
Services in some of the areas identified above also interface with more generalized activities and
environments outside the road transport domain. For example, it is possible for road pricing and revenue
systems activities to interface with electronic commerce, or eCommerce activities, and thus utilize
standards and principles associated with the banking industry along with generally accepted accounting
principles. The addressing of national security and coordination issues also requires addressing specific
national standards related to civil defence, emergency communications, and other procedures. These
interfaces, while largely outside the scope of TC 204, are nevertheless critical external influences on the
functionality of the various services supported by ‘ITS service domains and groups’.
The standards that have been developed within TC 204 must all be mapped to one or more of the ITS
domains, service groups and services described in this part of ISO 14813. Additionally, the development
of a standard international data dictionary and registry for ITS requires the ability to address both
current and emerging services that ITS can provide.
To this end, the ITS service domains, groups and services presented in this part of ISO 14813 serve
as a framework for developing ITS architectures and ITS-related concepts of operation, which in turn
lead to the definition of the appropriate requirements, functionality and standards necessary to deploy
specific ITS services. As the range of transportation activities that utilize ITS tools has broadened, the
original ‘fundamental services’ developed by TC 204 are now revised and expanded into ‘ITS service
domains and groups’.
Figure 1 illustrates the hierarchy of functional definitions, and how they might be used as the input to
ITS architectures. The Service Domains that apply to ITS are listed in 6.1 with each defining the nature
of the activities provided. Each of these Domains is then covered by separate annexes in this part of
ISO 14813, each of which includes the descriptions of its own Service Groups and Services. The Service
Groups describe more specific activities that are part of the Domain and the Services provide the more
detailed description of what is provided within each Service Group.
The way in which the descriptions of the services are used in ITS architectures depends on the
methodology that has been adopted for their creation. Thus the service descriptions can be used
to generate ‘use cases’ which are the input to an ITS architecture created using object orientated
methodology (see other parts of the ISO 14813 series), or ‘user needs’, which are the input to an ITS
architecture created using the process orientated methodology (see ISO/TR 26999).
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

Figure 1 — ITS services — Hierarchy of definitions for ‘ITS reference architecture’
In order to develop a cohesive reference architecture, and in order to establish the relationship and
interdependencies of the various ‘intelligent transport systems’ (ITS) services, it is beneficial to firstly
determine the underlying ITS services. Thus, the purpose of this part of ISO 14813 is to identify the ‘ITS
service groups’ and the domains within which the Service Groups reside, within the current perception
of the ITS sector.
‘ITS service domains and groups’ , while they build upon existing U.S., European Union, Japanese and
other international and national taxonomies, or classification systems, can also provide a common
descriptive basis for comparing these taxonomies, as well as others being developed throughout the world.
Currently there are many instantiations of ITS architecture in use around the world, with fragments
of ITS architectures being used as the basis for several International Standards. This part of ISO 14813
embraces architecture concepts from the following sources:
— Other ITS architecture activities from several parts of the world, including the US National ITS
Architecture and the European ITS Framework (FRAME) Architecture;
— Other ISO TC 204 and CEN TC278 working groups.
Most if not all ITS architectures that are in use around the world are based on either the US National ITS
Architecture or the European ITS Framework (FRAME) Architecture. Unfortunately, the terminology
used by these two ITS architectures is similar but not identical. The following table provides a high-
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

level comparison between some key terms used in these two ITS architectures that are relevant to this
part of ISO 14813.
ISO 14813-1 US Architecture FRAME Architecture
Actor Terminator Terminator/Actor
ITS Service Domain User Service Bundle ITS Service Group
ITS Service Group User Service ITS Service Topic
ITS Service User Service Requirement ITS Service
Note that in the FRAME Architecture, many of the terminators are classed as “generic”. This means that
they have several forms (called “actors”) for specific instances. An example of this is the terminator
“Driver”, which has specific instances that include actors such as drivers of private cars, plus drivers of
other vehicle types, e.g. public transport, freight and emergency.
By combining the results of the work that has been done to develop these two architectures the working
group has used the basic hypothesis that it is possible to define a set of ‘ITS service domains, groups
and services’ that can be used in a variety of combinations and configurations, to provide an outline
description of the different ITS architecture approaches.
Full documentation of all possible architectural approaches is not feasible given the high level of
resources required to carry this out. Indeed full documentation and description of all possible
approaches is undesirable as an item for standardisation. A defined and consistent approach is however
required to facilitate reuse and interoperability.
Users of this part of ISO 14813 should note that it is also possible to use a sub-set of the Services as the
starting point for the creation of an ITS architecture for a particular ITS implementation. It is possible
to add specific services that are peculiar to that implementation in order that the ITS architecture will
support all that the stakeholders would like ITS to provide.
A further important point to note is that it is assumed that the scope of the ITS sector always has a
definable boundary. Experience over the last 20 to 30 years has shown that this will change over time and
that it will be necessary for this International Standard to be revised again after five years, if not before.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved vii

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14813-1:2015(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Reference model
architecture(s) for the ITS sector —
Part 1:
ITS service domains, service groups and services
1 Scope
This part of ISO 14813 provides a description of the primary services that an ITS implementation can
provide to ITS users. Those services with a common purpose can be collected together in “‘ITS service
domains’” and within these there can be a number of “‘ITS service groups’” for particular parts of the
domain. This part of ISO 14813 identifies thirteen service domains, within which numerous groups are
then defined.
In this version of this part of ISO 14813 an indication has been provided to show the relationship of each
service to Cooperative-ITS. Cooperative-ITS provides services that have previously been unavailable,
notably those for ITS users who are on the move. For many other services, Cooperative-ITS can actually
be seen as a “delivery mechanism” that can be used to enhance their use and availability. Thus for some
services, Cooperative-ITS is essential, whilst for others it adds value. However for a small number of
services it is not relevant.
This part of ISO 14813 is intended for use by at least two groups of people involved in the ITS sector.
The first group is those looking for ideas about the services that ITS implementations can provide and
the second is for those who are developing standards.
For the first group, this part of ISO 14813 provides service descriptions that can act as the catalyst for
more detailed descriptions. It is possible for the level of detail to differ from one ITS implementation
to another, depending on whether or not a national ITS architecture is involved, and whether this
architecture is based directly on services, or on groups of functions.
For standards developers, this part of ISO 14813 is applicable to the working groups of ISO TC 204 and
other Technical Committees who are developing standards for the ITS sector and associated sectors
whose boundaries cross into the ITS sector (such as some aspects of public transport (transit), plus
inter-modal freight and fleet management). This part of ISO 14813 is designed to provide information
and explanation of services that can form the basis and reason for developing standards.
This part of ISO 14813 is in itself, by its nature, advisory and informative. It is designed to assist the
integration of services into a cohesive reference architecture, plus interoperability and the use of
common data definitions. Specifically, services defined within the service groups shall be the basis
for definition of ‘use cases’, ‘user needs’ or “user service requirements’ depending on the methodology
being used to develop the resultant ITS architecture functionality, along with definition of applicable
data within data dictionaries, as well as applicable communications and data exchange standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 14817-3, Intelligent transport systems — ITS central data registry and data dictionaries — Part 3:
Object identifier assignments for ITS data concepts
ISO/TR 17465-1:2014, Intelligent transport systems — Cooperative-ITS — Part 1: Terms and definitions
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

ISO 21217:2014, Intelligent transport systems — Communications access for land mobiles (CALM) —
Architecture
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
actor
entity that fulfils a role
3.2
application
mechanism of delivering some or all parts of a service
3.3
cooperative-ITS
subset of overall ITS that communicates and shares information between ITS stations to give advice or
facilitate actions with the objective of improving safety, sustainability, efficiency and comfort beyond
the scope of stand-alone systems
Note 1 to entry: This definition also appears in ISO 21217:2014. It is sometimes referred to as ‘connected vehicles’
or ‘connected vehicle/highway systems’.
3.4
dangerous goods
substances or articles which are potentially hazardous (for example, poisonous to humans, harmful to
the environment, explosive, flammable or radioactive) that require regulatory control when transported
Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from ISO/TR 15638-18.
3.5
dedicated transport network
transport mechanism that is able to carry people in special vehicles through a purpose built network,
which is usually separate from, but can be part of an existing road network
3.6
dispatch
action that requests specific resources to perform particular services
EXAMPLE The emergency communications centre dispatches an ambulance in response to an incident where
it is determined the victim must be taken to a hospital.
3.7
ITS service
functionality provided to users of intelligent transport systems designed to increase safety,
sustainability, efficiency, and/or comfort
Note 1 to entry: This definition also appears in ISO 21217:2014.
3.8
ITS service group
one or more similar or complementary ITS services provided to ITS users
3.9
ITS service domain
specific application area which comprises one or more ITS service groups
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

3.10
ITS stakeholders
individual or organisation having a right, share, claim or interest in a system or in its possession of
characteristics that meet their needs and expectations
Note 1 to entry: Their involvement can be through use, manufacture of products, provision of Services, or regulation.
3.11
ITS user
one who directly receives and can act on ITS data or control products
Note 1 to entry: An ITS user is one who receives, directly or indirectly, or provides to, the transaction of
an ITS service; these users of ITS services must be human, external systems, or another source of data, e.g.
detection equipment.
3.12
navigation
ITS service which provides directional information to an individual during a trip
3.13
mass
mass of a given heavy vehicle as measured by equipment affixed to the regulated vehicle
Note 1 to entry: This definition is taken from ISO/TS 15638-12.
3.14
paratransit
non-scheduled, non-fixed route public transport services for customers requiring special assistance
and access to specific destinations at a user-requested time
EXAMPLE Disabled or elderly persons.
3.15
probe data
vehicle sensor information that is processed, formatted, and transmitted to a land-based centre for
processing to create a good understanding of the driving environment
3.16
probe vehicle system /vehicle probe
system that comprises (1) vehicles which collect and transmit probe data and (2) land-based centres
which do probe processing
Note 1 to entry: Probe processing builds an accurate understanding of the overall roadway and driving
environment by fusing and analysing probe data sent from multiple vehicles and data from other data sources.
Note 2 to entry: This processed probe data can then be delivered back to vehicles to help them and their drivers
perform better, to public authorities to help them manage the transportation system, and to other users for a
variety of purposes.
3.17
route guidance
service which utilizes directional information, destination or real-time data to select an appropriate
route, either prior to or during a trip
3.18
transit
alternative term for public transport that is used in some countries and in some instances and is
expanded to “public transit”
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 3

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

3.19
telematics applications for regulated vehicles
provision of telematics services for regulated vehicles by an application service provider communicating
with a regulated (usually commercial) vehicle using ITS-station to ITS-station communications
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
C-ITS Cooperative-ITS
EETS European Electronic Toll Service
EFC Electronic Fee Collection
HAZMAT Hazardous materials
IFMS Interoperable Fare Management Systems
ITS Intelligent transport systems
OBE On-board Equipment
PT public transport
RSE Roadside Equipment
TARV Telematics applications for regulated vehicles
TICS Transport information and control systems (old term for ITS)
UML Unified modelling language
5 General requirements
5.1 ITS service domains, service groups and services
5.1.1 Characteristics of ITS service domains
Regardless of any specific ITS implementation, ITS services and groups of services are usually combined
into different (although often interrelated) application areas. These application areas have as their
focus one or more groups of ITS users, such as travellers, road network operators, drivers (both of all
vehicles and of selected types), those who move freight. They are the highest level of abstraction in an
ITS architecture, and are called service domains.
ITS services do not represent the technology or the functionality that will be required by any of the one
or more ITS applications that are required to deliver them. In fact it is possible for the technology and
functionality used by the ITS applications to vary from one ITS implementations to another and for the
content of the ITS applications to vary because of the variances in the organisational structures used in
different geographical areas.
There is no proscribed relationship between ITS service domains and the areas of common functionality
that are included in different ITS architectures. Sometimes a relationship may appear to exist, but
this is often illusory and a reflection of the choice of names for the areas of common functionality.
For example, both the US National ITS Architecture and the European ITS Framework (FRAME)
Architecture include an area of functionality called “Manage Traffic”, which in both cases supports ITS
services other than those included in the “Traffic Management and Operations” ITS service domain
described in this part of ISO 14813.
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
ISO 14813-1:2015(E)

5.1.2 Characteristics of ITS service groups
A service domain comprises one or more types of ITS service. It shall be possible for each type of
ITS service to comprise several instances of related services. These collations of related ITS service
instances are called “ITS service groups.” Therefore, an ITS service group consists of one or more
similar or complementary services that can be provided to ITS users.
There are several characteristics of ‘ITS service groups’ and services contained within:
a) Each ‘ITS service group’ is oriented to a specific activity related to management or information of
the road transport network that is divided into specific services that should address particular
users or modes.
b) The name of each service group should reflect the type of activities supported (e.g., “pre-trip
information”),
c) Each service within the service group should reference both the service group activity and the nature
of the users or modes supported by the service (e.g., “pre-trip information – public transport”)
d) Each level of the hierarchy should be at an equivalent level of granularity
5.1.3 Characteristics of ITS services
An ITS service consists of a product or activity that can be provided to a specific ITS user. Thus ITS
services shall be considered as the elemental building blocks of any ITS architecture/implementation.
The level of detail in this document is focused at the level of domains and service groups, and specific
services. It is noted that different countries partition their reference architectures in different ways –
some through more granular service or needs definition, others at a higher level of abstraction. However
in order to provide a level of consistency and to avoid ambiguities arising from different definitions of
services with the same name, high-level or outline definitions are provided for specific services. Despite
this, users are still able to add to or replace some of the specific services described in this document
in order to reflect particular location and/or jurisdictionally and/or societal requirements. Whenever
this is done the names of these new or replacement services must not conflict or replicate the names of
services used in this document.
The elaboratio
...