ISO 14813-1:2007

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 14813-1
First edition
2007-02-15

Intelligent transport systems —
Reference model architecture(s) for the
ITS sector —
Part 1:
ITS service domains, service groups and
services
Systèmes intelligents de transport (ITS) — Architecture(s) de modèle de
référence pour le secteur ITS
Partie 1: Domaines de service, groupes de service et services ITS




Reference number
ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
©
ISO 2007

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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 General requirements. 3
4.1 ITS service domains, service groups and services . 3
4.2 ITS users. 4
5 ITS service domains . 4
6 ITS service groups for each domain. 5
6.1 Traveller information service groups . 5
6.2 Traffic management and operations service groups. 7
6.3 Vehicle service groups. 10
6.4 Freight transport service groups . 12
6.5 Public transport service groups. 15
6.6 Emergency service groups. 15
6.7 Transport-related electronic payment service groups . 17
6.8 Road transport-related personal safety. 18
6.9 Weather and environmental conditions monitoring service groups. 19
6.10 Disaster response management and coordination service groups . 20
6.11 National security service groups . 20
6.12 ITS Data Management. 21
7 Summary of ITS reference architecture service hierarchy. 22
Bibliography . 28

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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 14813-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
This first edition cancels and replaces Technical Report ISO/TR 14813-1:1999, which has been technically
revised.
ISO 14813 consists of the following parts, under the general title Intelligent transport systems — Reference
model architecture(s) for the ITS sector:
⎯ Part 1: ITS service domains, service groups and services
⎯ Part 2: Core TICS reference architecture [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 3: Example elaboration [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 4: Reference model tutorial [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 5: Requirements for architecture description in TICS standards [Technical Report]
⎯ Part 6: Data presentation in ASN.1 [Technical Report]
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
Introduction
Originally referred to in ISO/TR 14813-1 as Fundamental Services, ITS service domains and groups reflect
the evolution of technology-oriented transportation practices and applications. This has become of increasing
importance and interest as the scope of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) expands beyond its original
applications in road traffic management, traveller information and electronic payment systems. ITS is now also
expected to address:
⎯ Transport network operations and maintenance activities;
⎯ Freight mobility and intermodal connectivity;
⎯ Multi-modal travel including both pre-trip and on-trip information and journey planning;
⎯ Variable road pricing strategies for freight and personal travel;
⎯ Emergency and natural disaster-related response activities and coordination; and
⎯ National security needs related to transportation infrastructure.
Additionally, ITS activities as described above will also interface with more generalized activities and
environments outside the transport sector. For example, road pricing and revenue systems activities may
interface with electronic commerce, or eCommerce activities, and may thus utilize standards and principles
associated with the banking industry along with generally accepted accounting principles. The addressing of
national security and coordination issues also requires addressing specific national standards related to civil
defence, emergency communications and other procedures. These interfaces, while largely outside the scope
of TC 204, are nevertheless critical external influences on the functionality of the various services supported
by ITS service domains and groups.
The standards that have been developed within TC 204 may all be mapped to one or more of the ITS service
groups defined in this part of ISO 14813. At the same time, the applications for these standards are becoming
broader. Additionally, the development of a standard international data dictionary and registry for ITS requires
the ability to address both current and emerging applications.
To this end, the ITS service domains and groups presented in this document serve as a framework for
developing ITS-related concepts of operation, which in turn lead to the definition of the appropriate
requirements and standards necessary to deploy specific ITS applications. As the definition of transportation
activities that utilize ITS tools has broadened, the original Fundamental Services developed by TC 204 are
now revised and expanded into ITS service domains and groups.
Figure 1 illustrates the hierarchy of functional definitions, and the basis upon which user-oriented architecture
views (known as use cases) are derived (refer to the other parts of ISO 14813, which further define the ITS
applications of Unified Modeling Language, including use cases, to document the architecture).
In order to develop a cohesive reference architecture, and in order to establish the relationship and
interdependencies of the various ITS services, it is beneficial to first determine the underlying ITS services.
Thus, the purpose of this International Standard is to identify the ITS service groups and the domains within
which the service groups reside, within the current perception of the ITS sector.
ITS service domains and groups, while they build upon existing US, European Union, Japanese, and other
international and national taxonomies, or classification systems, can also provide a common descriptive basis
for comparing these taxonomies, as well as others being developed throughout the world.
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)

Key
a
Service domains (A, B, C, etc.) define the nature of the activities provided.
b
Service groups (N1, N2, N3, etc.) define more specific activities carried out in the service domain, but do not define
the actors.
c
Services further define activity in terms of the actors involved (e.g. users, travel modes). They also serve as a basis
for most elemental use cases (user view of architecture).
Figure 1 — ITS services hierarchy of definitions for ITS reference architecture
ISO TC 204 Working Group 1
ISO TC 204 WG 1’s prime objectives are to provide services to ISO TC 204 and its working groups.
The specific mission of WG 1 is to:
“Provide ISO TC 204, its working groups, related bodies and those involved in the ITS sector, with a
reference model of conceptual reference architecture(s) that show the structure and
inter-relationships of the sector…”
There are multiple instantiations of ITS architecture to be considered. This deliverable embraces architecture
concepts from the following participants:
⎯ Other TC 204 working groups,
⎯ CEN TC 278 working groups,
⎯ Japanese initiatives,
⎯ European Union initiatives,
⎯ US ITS program,
⎯ Australian initiatives,
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
⎯ Canadian initiatives,
⎯ Korean initiatives,
⎯ Chinese Taipei initiatives, and
⎯ Other architecture international activities.
Full documentation of all possible architectural approaches is obviously not feasible given the high level of
resources required to carry this out. Indeed, full documentation and description of all possible approaches is
undesirable as an item for standardization.
A defined and consistent approach is, however, required to facilitate reuse and interoperability.
By combining the work of major contributions such as the definitions of user services in the United States,
Japan, Chinese Taipei and Korea, along with the European Union definition of user needs, the working group
has used the basic hypothesis that it is possible to define a set of ITS service domains and groups that can be
used in a variety of combinations and configurations, to provide an outline description of the different ITS
architecture approaches. It is assumed that the scope of the ITS sector will always have a definable boundary
(which will change over time).
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 14813-1:2007(E)

Intelligent transport systems — Reference model
architecture(s) for the ITS sector —
Part 1:
ITS service domains, service groups and services
1 Scope
This International Standard provides a definition of the primary services and application areas that can be
provided to Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Users. Those with a common purpose can be collected
together in ITS service domains, and within these there can be a number of ITS service groups for particular
parts of the domain. This International Standard identifies 11 service domains, within which numerous groups
are then defined. Within this framework, there are varying levels of detail related to definition of different
services. These details differ from nation to nation, depending on whether the specific national architecture
building blocks are based directly upon services or on groups of functions. Thus, the intent is to address
groups of services and the respective domains within which they fit. As these domains and service groups
evolve over time, it is intended that this International Standard be revised to include them.
This International Standard is applicable to the working groups of ISO TC 204 and other TCs which are
developing International Standards for the ITS sector and associated sectors whose boundaries cross into the
ITS sector (such as some aspects of urban light railways, intermodal freight and fleet). This International
Standard is designed to provide information and explanation to those developing ITS International Standards
and to those developing specifications, implementations and deployments for ITS.
This International Standard is advisory and informative. It is designed to assist the integration of services into
a cohesive reference architecture, assist interoperability and common data definition. Specifically, services
defined within the service groups will be the basis for definition of use cases and the resultant reference
architecture functionality, along with definition of applicable data within data dictionaries, as well as applicable
communications and data exchange standards.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
actor
one who enables or influences an action or for whom an action has been completed
2.2
dispatch
action that requests specific resources to perform particular services
EXAMPLE The emergency communications centre dispatches an ambulance in response to an incident where it is
determined the victim must be taken to a hospital.
2.3
ITS service
product or activity targeted to a specific type of ITS user
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
2.4
ITS service domain
specific application area which comprises one or more service groups
2.5
ITS service group
one or more similar or complementary services provided to ITS users
2.6
ITS stakeholder
person or organization involved in some way in the deployment of ITS
NOTE Their involvement can be through use, manufacture of products, provision of services or regulation.
2.7
ITS user
one who directly receives and can act on ITS data or control products
NOTE An ITS user is one who receives, directly or indirectly, or provides to, the transaction of an ITS service; these
users of ITS services may be human, systems or environment monitoring.
2.8
navigation
ITS service which provides directional information to an individual during a trip
2.9
paratransit
non-scheduled, non-fixed route public transport services for customers requiring special assistance and
access to specific destinations at a user-requested time (e.g. disabled or elderly persons)
2.10
probe data
vehicle sensor information that is processed, formatted and transmitted to a land-based centre for processing
to create a good understanding of the driving environment
2.11
probe vehicle system
vehicle probe
comprises vehicles which collect and transmit probe data, and land-based centres which do probe processing
NOTE 1 Probe processing builds an accurate understanding of the overall roadway and driving environment by fusing
and analyzing probe data sent from multiple vehicles and data from other data sources.
NOTE 2 This processed probe data can then be delivered back to vehicles to help them and their drivers perform
better, to public authorities to help them manage the transportation system, and to other users for a variety of purposes.
2.12
route guidance
service which utilizes directional information, destination or real-time data to select an appropriate route, either
prior to or during a trip
3 Abbreviated terms
HAZMAT
HAZardous MATerials
ITS
Intelligent Transport Systems
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
TICS
Transport Information and Control Systems
(old term for ITS)
UML
Unified Modeling Language
4 General requirements
4.1 ITS service domains, service groups and services
4.1.1 Characteristics of ITS service domains
ITS systems vary in their implementation either because of the organization within a specific geographic
region, or according to the perception of any actor.
This is regardless of any specific implementation services and groups of services which are provided in
functionally different (although often interrelated) application areas. These application areas are the highest
level of abstraction in an ITS architecture, and are called service domains.
ITS services do not represent the technology or the functionality of an ITS system included in any ITS
applications.
Examples of ITS service domains include traffic management, traveller information, freight and fleet
management, etc.
4.1.2 Characteristics of ITS service groups
A service domain comprises one or more types of ITS service. Each type of ITS service may comprise several
instances of related services. These collations of related ITS service instances are called ITS service groups.
Therefore, an ITS service group consists of one or more similar or complementary services provided to ITS
users.
There are several characteristics of ITS service groups and services contained within:
a) Each ITS service group is oriented to a specific activity related to management of or information about the
road transport network, that is divided into specific services that should address particular users or modes.
b) The name of each service group should reflect the type of activities supported (e.g. pre-trip information).
c) Each service within the service group should reference both the service group activity and the nature of
the users or modes supported by the service (e.g. pre-trip information – public transport).
d) Each level of the hierarchy should be at an equivalent level of granularity.
4.1.3 Characteristics of ITS services
An ITS service consists of a product or activity provided to a specific ITS user. ITS services may therefore be
considered as the elemental building blocks of any ITS architecture/system.
The level of detail in this part of ISO 14813 is focused at the level of domains and service groups, and not
specific services. Different countries partition their reference architectures in different ways: some through
more granular service or needs definition, others at a higher level of abstraction. Thus, elaboration of specific
ITS services are not defined in this International Standard, although examples are provided.
Elaboration of specific ITS services shall be undertaken in a consistent manner throughout any specific
architecture. There are several methodologies that assist the development of consistent elaboration.
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
Elementary services can be elaborated by using particularization about service groups. Different viewpoints
may result in different elaborations.
Parts 2, 3 and 4 of ISO 14813 provide one methodology using the UML. However, the ISO ITS architecture
standards that do not require the use of a specific methodology and other techniques, such as process
decomposition, may also be used.
ISO 14813-5 provides guidance as to the requirements for architecture description in ITS standards;
ISO 17452 provides further assistance and guidance.
4.2 ITS users
In general, one may say that ITS users are partners, one who receives an ITS service through interaction with
the ITS system. They have elsewhere been described as “those who want the benefit of ITS systems, those
who use ITS systems, those who manufacture or operate ITS systems, and those who regulate and control
transport using ITS systems”. By definition, all human interaction with ITS systems involves external actors
interfacing at the boundary of the system.
NOTE Humans interacting with an ITS system are sometimes called external ITS users.
5 ITS service domains
Categorization of ITS activities is one of the first steps in defining the universe of activities supported by the
reference architecture. It serves to delineate different sectors of the ITS industry (and are roughly parallel with
current TC 204 working group activities).
The following lists and describes 11 ITS service domains. These are:
⎯ Traveller information: Provision of both static and dynamic information about the transport network to
users, including modal options and transfers.
⎯ Traffic management and operations: The management of the movement of vehicles, travellers and
pedestrians throughout the road transport network.
⎯ Vehicle services: Enhancement of safety, security and efficiency in vehicle operations, by warnings and
assistances to users or control vehicle operations.
⎯ Freight transport: The management of commercial vehicle operations, freight and fleet management, and
activities that expedite the authorization process for cargo at national and jurisdictional boundaries and
expedite cross-modal transfers for authorized cargo.
⎯ Public transport: Operation of public transport services and the provision of operational information to the
operator and user, including multi-modal aspects.
⎯ Emergency: Services delivered in response to incidents that are categorized as emergencies.
⎯ Transport-related electronic payment: Transactions and reservations for transport-related services.
⎯ Road transport-related personal safety: Protection of transport users including pedestrians and vulnerable
users.
⎯ Weather and environmental conditions monitoring: Activities that monitor and notify weather and
environmental conditions.
⎯ Disaster response management and coordination: Road transport-based activities in response to natural
disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks.
⎯ National security: Activities that directly protect or mitigate physical or operational harm to persons and
facilities due to natural disasters, civil disturbances or terror attacks.
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
The categorization of the services into 11 domains does not imply that all ITS architectures should be required
to follow this construction. The construction that they use should be that which is best suited to their ultimate
use and should be independent of the services that they support.
Services are often interdependent on, or providers to, other services within a service group, or are key enablers
for the provision of services in other service groups. In architecture elaborations based on these services, it is
important that the proposed classification schema identify who is responsible for the provision of the service.
6 ITS service groups for each domain
ITS service groups represent a further delineation of the various sectors of ITS activity represented by the
domains described above. The delineation specifically addresses different types of activities carried out within
the domain. The service groups as described below by domain do not necessarily address specific users,
modes or audiences for these activities; that level of detail is provided by the specific services, which are
defined under each service group as example services. This permits the transport operator (state, municipality
or authority) to select which specific services within each service group are relevant to their needs. This also
permits a more modular definition of specific architecture needs that may be applicable to a particular project
or system.
ITS standards (as defined by ISO TC 204 and approved by member bodies) are focused on the road transport
sector and the interfaces with other transport modes. Other committees define standards and practices for rail,
air and waterways. However, there are many grey areas where ITS standards embrace aspects that affect
both road and other transport modes. (Similarly, there will be standards for other transport modes that affect
the ITS sector.) This particularly applies in the area of traveller information, scheduling and traffic control.
6.1 Traveller information service groups
The service groups within the traveller information domain address the provision of both static and dynamic
information about the transport network and services for users prior to and during the trip, and provide tools
for transport professionals to collect, archive and manage information for future trip planning activities.
6.1.1 Pre-trip information
This service group encompasses travel information received at home, work, hotels, major public locations
such as shopping centres and portable terminals prior to travel.
Pre-trip information services may target road facilities, public transport, freight and intermodal users, and
non-motorized travel.
Depending on the service provided, pre-trip information includes current information on traffic conditions,
schedule adherence and location of public transport vehicles relative to the user’s location, road and weather
information, prevailing traffic regulations and tolls.
Examples of services include:
⎯ Pre-trip information — Traffic and roadway;
⎯ Pre-trip information — Public transport (bus and rail);
⎯ Pre-trip information — Commercial vehicle;
⎯ Pre-trip information — Personal interactive; and
⎯ Pre-trip information — Modal changes and multi-modal information.
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ISO 14813-1:2007(E)
6.1.2 On-trip information
This service group encompasses information provided to travellers in the vehicle (either provided for a mass
audience or tailored to the specific vehicle or traveller location) or along the travel route, provided as advisory
information. Such information may include real-time travel information, including estimated time to a
destination based on current conditions, as well as work zones, incidents, weather, tolls, parking availability
and other information of use to the traveller.
Examples of services include:
⎯ On-trip information — Roadside;
⎯ On-trip information — In-vehicle signing;
⎯ On-trip information — Public transport vehicle;
⎯ On-trip Information — Parking information; and
⎯ On-trip information — Mobile devices.
6.1.3 Route guidance and navigation — Pre-trip
This service group is categorized as a planning service undertaken pre-trip, and provides information on
community and/or individual user optimum route options for specified destinations. Best route options may be
calculated taking account of network and public transport information, and may incorporate multi-modal options
such as park and ride.
This service also includes the provision of route guidance to pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists.
Examples of services include:
⎯ Dynamic in-vehicle route guidance and navigation programming/setup;
⎯ Integrated multi-modal
...