SIST EN ISO 16993:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
01-junij-2015
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 15296:2011
7UGQDELRJRULYD3UHUDþXQDQDOL]QLKUH]XOWDWRYQDUD]OLþQHRVQRYH,62

Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to another (ISO
16993:2015)
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Umwandlung von Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in
Ergebnisse mit anderer Bezugsbasis (ISO 16993:2015)
Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats analytiques d'une base en une autre
base (ISO 16993:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 16993:2015
ICS:
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
SIST EN ISO 16993:2015 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 16993

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 75.160.10; 27.190 Supersedes EN 15296:2011
English Version
Solid biofuels - Conversion of analytical results from one basis to
another (ISO 16993:2015)
Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats Biogene Festbrennstoffe - Umwandlung von
analytiques d'une base en une autre base (ISO Analysenergebnissen einer Bezugsbasis in Ergebnisse mit
16993:2015) anderer Bezugsbasis (ISO 16993:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 November 2014.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.





EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 16993:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
EN ISO 16993:2015 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
2

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
EN ISO 16993:2015 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 16993:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 238 "Solid biofuels"
in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 335 “Solid biofuels” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2015, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by October 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 15296:2011.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 16993:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 16993:2015 without any modification.

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 16993
First edition
2015-04-01
Solid biofuels — Conversion of
analytical results from one basis to
another
Biocombustibles solides - Conversion de résultats analytiques d’une
base en une autre base
Reference number
ISO 16993:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
ISO 16993:2015(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO 2015
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
ISO 16993:2015(E)

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Calculations for analyses of solid biofuels . 2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Extra calculations for hydrogen, oxygen, and net calorific value . 2
5.3 General formulae for the conversion from one basis to another basis. 3
Annex A (informative) Tools for integrity check . 5
Annex B (informative) Tables with units and conversion factors . 8
Annex C (informative) Guideline for the use of validation parameters . 9
Bibliography .11
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved iii

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
ISO 16993:2015(E)

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 238, Solid biofuels.
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
ISO 16993:2015(E)

Introduction
In the ISO Standards covering the analysis of solid biofuels, it is generally specified that the determination
is intended to be carried out on the air-dried or in air-equilibrated general analysis test sample prepared
according to EN 14780. However, in making use of these analyses, it is necessary to express the results
on dry basis and sometimes, also on some other basis. The bases in common use for solid biofuels are
“air-dried” (sometimes stated as “as determined”), “as received” (sometimes stated “as sampled” or “as
delivered”), “dry”, and “dry, ash free”.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved v

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16993:2015(E)
Solid biofuels — Conversion of analytical results from one
basis to another
1 Scope
This International Standard gives formulae which allow analytical data relating to solid biofuels to
be expressed on the different bases in common use. Consideration is given to corrections that can be
applied to certain determined values for solid biofuels prior to their calculation to other bases.
In Annex A, tools for integrity checks of analytical results are given. In Annex B, conversion factors for
calculation into other units are given. Annex C is a guideline for the use of validation parameters as can
be found in ISO/TC 238 analytical standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 16948:2015, Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen
ISO 16994, Solid biofuels — Determination of total content of sulphur and chlorine
1)
ISO 18122 , Solid Biofuels — Determination of ash content
2)
EN 14918 , Solid biofuels — Determination of calorific value
1)
ISO 18134-1 , Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 1: Total
moisture - Reference method
1)
ISO 18134-2 , Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 2: Total
moisture - Simplified method
1)
ISO 18134-3 , Solid biofuels — Determination of moisture content — Oven dry method — Part 3: Moisture
in general analysis simple
1) To be published.
2) To be replaced by ISO 18125.
© ISO 2015 – All rights reserved 1

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SIST EN ISO 16993:2015
ISO 16993:2015(E)

3 Symbols and abbreviated terms
The symbols employed in the subsequent clauses are as follows, with the suffixes “ad” (air-dried), “ar”
(as received), “d” (dry), and “daf” (dry, ash free), where appropriate.
A ash (percentage by mass) according to ISO 18122
C total carbon content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16948
Cl total chlorine content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16994
a
q net calorific value at constant pressure (J/g) according to EN 14918
p,net
H total hydrogen content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16948
M moisture content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 18134
N total nitrogen content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16948
O total oxygen content (percentage by mass)
S total sulfur content (percentage by mass) according to ISO 16994
a
To be replaced by ISO 18125.
4 Principle
In order to convert an analytical result expressed as one basis to another basis, it is multiplied by a
factor calculated from the appropriate formulae (see Table 1), after insertion of the requisite numerical
values into the formula in question.
5 Calculations for analyses of solid biofuels
5.1 General
Most analytical values on a particular basis can be converted to any other basis by multiplying it by a
factor calculated from the appropriate formula given in Table 1, after insertion of the requisite numerical
values into the formula in question. However, for some parameters, there is a direct involvement of the
moisture content. In these cases, a correction (as specified in 5.2) of the air-dried result shall be carried
out before calculation to dry basis or dry, ash free basis. Also, if a result for these parameters expressed
on a dry or a dry, ash free basis is to be recalculated to a moist basis, the corrections stated in 5.2 shall
be added back to the actual moist basis after applying the appropriate formula from Table 1.
5.2 Extra calculations for hydrogen, oxygen, and net calorific value
5
...